Fig. 3.

Sperm DNA methylation alterations associated with gestation length. a Enrichment of differentially methylated regions (DMRs) across multiple genomic elements. The enrichment of DMRs on a genomic element is computed as the ratio between the observed density of DMRs in this particular genomic element and the expected density of DMRs in the entire genome. b GWAS signal enrichment of gestation length based on DMRs that were determined by comparing animals with high gestation length to those with low gestation length. DMRs are first defined based on five different q values cutoffs (i.e., 0.05, 0.01, 1e-5, 1e-8, and 1e-10) and the absolute value of methylation difference >5% (Both). DMRs were then divided into two subsets according to the sign of methylation difference, i.e., <−5% (Loss) and > 5% (Gain). c DMR-set enrichment analysis based on the Reactome pathway database