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. 2019 Mar 14;9:4423. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-40986-9

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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BOLD vs glucoCEST fMRI maps and time evolutions. Typical BOLD (a) and glucoCEST-fMRI maps (b) acquired on a rat subject to a 30 s on/off electrical forepaw stimulation at 17.2 T. Images were processed in SPM and displayed with a p-value threshold of 0.001. A local decrease of the image ratio I_ratio(1.2 ppm) was detected during stimulation; notice its coincidence with the BOLD activation ROI. (c) BOLD and (d) glucoCEST-fMRI group mean time courses (n = 5 animals, 9 independent data sets). All time courses are showing relative changes compared to the baseline resting state (which was set at 0%). A substantial −0.5% relative decrease is observed for I_ratio(1.2 ppm) during activation. As controls, time courses were extracted from the contra-lateral ROIs and these never revealed any significant changes (dashed lines). Note that the BOLD time evolution was extracted from the CEST-weighted images. The error bars represent the standard error of the mean (SEM) obtained over the n animals included in the group study.