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. 2019 Mar 14;9:4482. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-40461-5

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Interaction energy of the antigen-antibody interactions in the simulations. Interaction energies of antigen residues with antibody in (a) the wild-type antigen-antibody complex, (b–d) the charge inverted antigen-antibody complexes, and (e–g) charge-exchanged antigen-antibody complexes. Energies of the residues at the position of 84, 98, and 52 are shown in green, red, and orange, respectively. Standard errors were indicated by black lines (n = 3).