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. 2019 Mar 14;9:4588. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-40964-1

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Investigation of peripheral nerves revealed a vacuolization of nerve fibers as well as an increased cellularity due to infiltration of inflammatory cells at 14 (A,B) and 28 (C,D) days post intraspinal TMEV infection. The number of inflammatory cells is presented as average number per high power field (HPF; E). For quantification of vacuolization, a semiquantitative scale was used (0 = no vacuoles; 1 = ≤3 vacuoles per HPF); 2 = <10% of nerve area per HPF affected, 3 = 10–20% of nerve area per HPF affected; 4 = 20–30% of nerve area per HPF affected; 5 = 30–40% of nerve area per HPF affected; (F). The following number of animals was evaluated per group: n = 6–8 at 3 dpi; n = 5–6 at 7 dpi; n = 6–8 at 14 dpi; n = 6 at 28 dpi. Data are presented as box-and-whisker plots showing median and quartiles. Significant differences between groups as detected by Mann-Whitney U-test were indicated by asterisks (p ≤ 0.05). Bars = 20 µm.