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. 2019 Mar 14;9:4560. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-41029-z

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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HCMV uses autophagic membranes for its assembly. (A) Transmission electron micrographs of HFF infected by HCMV at MOI 0.5 during four days. Inserts showed a) autophagosome, b) tegumented nucleocapsid envelopment c) enveloped virus in a vesicle. Insert scale bars = 0.1 µm. (B,C) Model based on our data and prior confocal and ultrastructural analyses. (B) Schematic representation of vAC structure and localization of LC3/GABARAP-positive vesicles in vAC with respect to cellular and viral components. HCMV could use membranes from different compartments and in particular autophagic vesicles for its final envelopment. (C) Schematic representation of HCMV envelopment. (1) The viral budding process involves a small double membrane crescent-shape structure which contains viral glycoproteins; (2) this double membrane elongates and fuses around the tegumented nucleocapsid to give rise to (3) an enveloped viral particle within a single-membrane vesicle. This process shares common points with phagophore and autophagosome formation.