Table 9. Regulatory role of AP-2γ in various types of cancer along with involved molecular pathways (based on [38,75–77,105–108]).

Protein	Type of cancer	Regulation	Function	Pathways (if available)	References
AP-2γ	Breast cancer	Oncogene	TFAP2C expression is associated with proliferation, disease progression, and endocrine therapy resistance		[105]
			TFAP2C directly represses CDKN1A gene thereby promoting proliferation
			High TFAP2C and low CD44 expression are associated with pathologic complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy
AP-2γ	Melanoma	Oncogene	High level of TFAP2C regulates ECM1 overexpression which is associated with poor prognosis		[106]
AP-2γ	Testicular cancer	Oncogene	TFAP2C is a novel marker of testicular CIS and CIS-derived tumors along with its involvement in self-renewal and survival of immature germ cells and tissue-specific stem cells		[38]
AP-2γ	Neuroblastoma	Oncogene	TFAP2C knockdown results in inhibition of cell proliferation and tumor growth		[77]
AP-2γ	Primary ovarian tumors	Oncogene	Overexpressed in advanced-stage cancers compared with early-stage carcinomas		[107]
AP-2γ	Lung cancer	Oncogene	TFAP2C overexpression promotes cell viability, proliferation, and cell cycle progression	AK1 signaling MAPK and Snail pathways activated by TGFBR1-PAK1 signaling	[75,108]
AP-2γ	Lung cancer	Suppressor	TFAP2C blocks AKAP12-mediated cyclin D1 inhibition (by inducing the overexpression of oncogenic miR-183)		[76]
			TFAP2C activates Cdk6-mediated cell cycle progression (by down-regulating tumor-suppressive miR-33a)
			Patients with low-level expression of Slug and miR-137 but high-level expression of TFAP2C experienced better survival