TABLE 1.
Population Characteristics by Pharmacy Quality Alliance Opioid Quality Measures, 2013-2015
| High Dosage | Multiple Providers | Opioids + Benzodiazepine | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | |
| Total patients | 73,082 | 70,622 | 85,710 | 73,082 | 70,622 | 85,710 | 73,082 | 70,622 | 85,710 |
| Overall cohort prevalence | 3,753 (5.1) | 3,823 (5.4) | 4,708 (5.5) | 5,215 (7.1) | 3,692 (5.2) | 4,311 (5.0) | 21,244 (29.1) | 21,153 (30.0) | 24,346 (28.4) |
| Age group | |||||||||
| 18-29 | 230 (6.1) | 225 (5.9) | 259 (5.5) | 1,099 (21.1) | 761 (20.6) | 774 (18.0) | 1,716 (8.1) | 1,524 (7.2) | 1,590 (6.5) |
| 30-39 | 717 (19.1) | 715 (18.7) | 923 (19.6) | 1,534 (29.4) | 1,144 (31.0) | 1,383 (32.1) | 4,265 (20.1) | 4,285 (20.3) | 4,997 (20.5) |
| 40-49 | 1,144 (30.5) | 1,151 (30.1) | 1,402 (29.8) | 1,379 (26.4) | 920 (24.9) | 1,116 (25.9) | 6,234 (29.3) | 6,016 (28.4) | 6,908 (28.4) |
| 50-64 | 1,662 (44.3) | 1,732 (45.3) | 2,124 (45.1) | 1,203 (23.1) | 867 (23.5) | 1,038 (24.1) | 9,029 (42.5) | 9,328 (44.1) | 10,851 (44.6) |
| Sex | |||||||||
| Female | 2,059 (54.9) | 2,065 (54.0) | 2,477 (52.6) | 3,521 (67.5) | 2,539 (68.8) | 2,838 (65.8) | 14,785 (69.6) | 14,738 (69.7) | 16,840 (69.2) |
| Male | 1,694 (45.1) | 1,758 (46.0) | 2,231 (47.4) | 1,694 (32.5) | 1,153 (31.2) | 1,473 (34.2) | 6,459 (30.4) | 6,415 (30.3) | 7,506 (30.8) |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||||||
| White | 2,938 (78.3) | 2,875 (75.2) | 3,442 (73.1) | 3,032 (58.1) | 2,222 (60.2) | 2,631 (61.0) | 14,770 (69.5) | 14,484 (68.5) | 16,897 (69.4) |
| Black | 628 (16.7) | 754 (19.7) | 1,019 (21.6) | 1,737 (33.3) | 1,152 (31.2) | 1,323 (30.7) | 3,961 (18.6) | 4,122 (19.5) | 4,607 (18.9) |
| Hispanic | 110 (2.9) | 132 (3.5) | 155 (3.3) | 347 (6.7) | 248 (6.7) | 278 (6.4) | 2,160 (10.2) | 2,177 (10.3) | 2,377 (9.8) |
| Other | 77 (2.1) | 62 (1.6) | 92 (2.0) | 99 (1.9) | 70 (1.9) | 79 (1.8) | 353 (1.7) | 370 (1.7) | 465 (1.9) |
| Living area | |||||||||
| Urban | 3,085 (82.2) | 3,170 (82.9) | 3,894 (82.7) | 4,646 (89.1) | 3,225 (87.4) | 3,775 (87.6) | 17,690 (83.3) | 17,656 (83.5) | 20,283 (83.3) |
| Rural | 668 (17.8) | 653 (17.1) | 814 (17.3) | 569 (10.9) | 467 (12.6) | 536 (12.4) | 3,554 (16.7) | 3,497 (16.5) | 4,063 (16.7) |
| Type of eligibility | |||||||||
| Disabled | 3,052 (81.3) | 3,130 (81.9) | 2,907 (61.7) | 3,317 (63.6) | 2,349 (63.6) | 1,804 (41.8) | 16,617 (78.2) | 16,708 (79.0) | 14,246 (58.5) |
| Newly eligible | NA | NA | 1,101 (23.4) | NA | NA | 1,479 (34.3) | NA | NA | 6,205 (25.5) |
| Nondisabled adults | 701 (18.7) | 693 (18.1) | 700 (14.9) | 1,898 (36.4) | 1,342 (36.3) | 1,028 (23.8) | 4,627 (21.8) | 4,438 (21.0) | 3,895 (16.0) |
| Managed care | 3,648 (97.2) | 3,787 (99.1) | 4,676 (99.3) | 5,126 (98.3) | 3,633 (98.4) | 4,252 (98.6) | 20,655 (97.2) | 20,546 (97.1) | 23,878 (98.1) |
Note: Fee-for-service data are not shown due to small sample size.
NA = not applicable given that Medicaid expansion took place in 2015 in Pennsylvania.