Table 1.

Baseline characteristics of the patients and effects of VLCD at various time points

	Week −2	Week 0		Week 4		Week 8		Week 12
	Mean ± SE	Mean ± SE	p‐valuea	Mean ± SE	p‐valuea	Mean ± SE	p‐valuea	Mean ± SE	p‐valuea
FPG (mmol/L)	10.1 ± 0.9	7.0 ± 0.3	0.002	6.0 ± 0.4	0.001	5.2 ± 0.3	<0.001	6.3 ± 0.4	0.001
2‐hr postprandial glucose (mmol/L)	17.6 ± 1.8	12.9 ± 1.3	0.004	10.7 ± 0.9	0.011	9.9 ± 0.8	0.001	10.9 ± 0.7	0.006
HbA1C (%)	8.0 ± 0.4	ND	–	6.8 ± 0.4	0.001	5.7 ± 0.2	<0.001	5.8 ± 0.1	0.001
HbA1C (mmol/mol)	64 ± 5	ND	–	51 ± 4	0.001	38 ± 2	<0.001	40 ± 1	0.001
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)	5.1 ± 0.3	ND	–	4.8 ± 0.2	0.491	4.6 ± 0.2	0.084	5.7 ± 0.3	0.99
HDL cholesterol (mmol/L)	1.2 ± 0.1	ND	–	1.1 ± 0.1	0.99	1.1 ± 0.1	0.968	1.3 ± 0.1	0.99
Triglyceride (mmol/L)	2.0 ± 0.2	ND	–	1.0 ± 0.1	<0.001	0.9 ± 0.1	<0.001	1.2 ± 0.2	<0.001
LDL cholesterol (mmol/L)	3.0 ± 0.2	ND	–	3.1 ± 0.2	>0.99	3.1 ± 0.2	>0.99	3.7 ± 0.2	0.175
AST (U/L)	27 ± 4	ND	–	26 ± 2	0.99	24 ± 2	0.99	19 ± 1	0.317
ALT (U/L)	34 ± 5	ND	–	26 ± 3	0.895	23 ± 2	0.67	24 ± 4	0.99
Fasting insulin (μIU/ml)	13.8 ± 1.8	10.7 ± 2.0	0.80	6.7 ± 0.9	0.005	6.4 ± 0.8	0.004	7.2 ± 0.9	0.008
Fasting C‐peptide (ng/ml)	2.8 ± 0.2	2.4 ± 0.2	0.99	2.0 ± 0.2	0.009	1.5 ± 0.2	<0.001	1.8 ± 0.2	<0.001

ND: not done.

^aCompared to values at week −2.