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. 2019 Mar 15;2019(3):CD004905. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004905.pub6

Comparison 1. Multiple micronutrients vs control.

Outcome or subgroup title No. of studies No. of participants Statistical method Effect size
1 Preterm births 19   Risk Ratio (Random, 95% CI) Subtotals only
1.1 MMN with iron and folic acid vs iron with or without folic acid 18   Risk Ratio (Random, 95% CI) 0.95 [0.90, 1.01]
1.2 MMN with iron and folic acid vs placebo 1   Risk Ratio (Random, 95% CI) 1.09 [0.43, 2.77]
2 Small‐for‐gestational age 18   Risk Ratio (Random, 95% CI) Subtotals only
2.1 MMN with iron and folic acid vs iron with or without folic acid 17   Risk Ratio (Random, 95% CI) 0.92 [0.88, 0.97]
2.2 MMN with iron and folic acid vs placebo 1   Risk Ratio (Random, 95% CI) 0.94 [0.60, 1.48]
3 Low birthweight 19   Risk Ratio (Random, 95% CI) Subtotals only
3.1 MMN with iron and folic acid vs iron with or without folic acid 18   Risk Ratio (Random, 95% CI) 0.88 [0.85, 0.91]
3.2 MMN with iron and folic acid vs placebo 1   Risk Ratio (Random, 95% CI) 1.58 [0.67, 3.72]
4 Perinatal mortality 15   Risk Ratio (Random, 95% CI) Subtotals only
4.1 MMN with iron and folic acid vs iron with or without folic acid 15   Risk Ratio (Random, 95% CI) 1.00 [0.90, 1.11]
5 Stillbirths 17   Risk Ratio (Random, 95% CI) Subtotals only
5.1 MMN with iron and folic acid vs iron with or without folic acid 17   Risk Ratio (Random, 95% CI) 0.95 [0.86, 1.04]
6 Neonatal mortality 14   Risk Ratio (Random, 95% CI) Subtotals only
6.1 MMN with iron and folic acid vs iron with or without folic acid 14   Risk Ratio (Random, 95% CI) 1.00 [0.89, 1.12]
7 Maternal anaemia (third trimester Hb < 110 g/L) 10   Risk Ratio (Random, 95% CI) Subtotals only
7.1 MMN with iron and folic acid vs iron with or without folic acid 9   Risk Ratio (Random, 95% CI) 1.04 [0.94, 1.15]
7.2 MMN with iron and folic acid vs placebo 1   Risk Ratio (Random, 95% CI) 0.66 [0.51, 0.85]
8 Maternal mortality 6   Risk Ratio (Random, 95% CI) Subtotals only
8.1 MMN with iron and folic acid vs iron with or without folic acid 6   Risk Ratio (Random, 95% CI) 1.06 [0.72, 1.54]
9 Miscarriage (loss before 28 weeks) 12   Risk Ratio (Random, 95% CI) Subtotals only
9.1 MMN with iron and folic acid vs iron with or without folic acid 12   Risk Ratio (Random, 95% CI) 0.99 [0.94, 1.04]
10 Mode of delivery: caesarean section 5   Risk Ratio (Random, 95% CI) 1.13 [0.99, 1.29]
10.1 MMN with iron and folic acid vs iron with or without folic acid 5   Risk Ratio (Random, 95% CI) 1.13 [0.99, 1.29]
11 Congenital anomalies 2   Risk Ratio (Random, 95% CI) Subtotals only
11.1 MMN with iron and folic acid vs iron with or without folic acid 2   Risk Ratio (Random, 95% CI) 1.34 [0.25, 7.12]
12 Very preterm birth (before 34 weeks of gestation) 4   Risk Ratio (Random, 95% CI) Subtotals only
12.1 MMN with iron and FA vs iron with or without folic acid 4   Risk Ratio (Random, 95% CI) 0.81 [0.71, 0.93]