Upon LPS challenge in mice, nucleosomes are derived from both hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cells. Plasma nucleosomes (A) and MPO (B) levels after intraperitoneal injection of LPS in mice; n = 8 per group. (C) The ratio of nucleosomes vs MPO in LPS-challenged mice. (D) Model of male/female mixed bone marrow chimera mice. General IL-3 gene PCR (E) and specific SRY PCR (F) on extracellular DNA before and 6 and 20 hours after LPS challenge in male/female mixed chimera mice. Pre-LPS (●), n = 1-2 per group; 6 hours after LPS (▪), n = 4-7; and 20 hours after LPS (▲), n = 5-7. Data are presented as mean ± standard error. P < .05 was considered significant. *P < .05, **P < .01, ***P < .001, ****P < .0001.