Figure 5.

Bilayered cartilage scaffold (A) schematized by a diagram illustrating the electrospun fiber zone (FZ) deposited on a particulate-templated foam (PZ). The combination of the two distinct zones is designed to yield an anisotropic scaffold with a smooth articular surface and a more porous region for ECM deposition. (B) Electron microscopy images (top) of the aligned fiber zone that is shared between both scaffold varieties, (middle) the complete bilayered scaffolds with 0.3 mm³ (left) and 1.0 mm³ (right) pores, and (bottom) the sodium chloride porogens used to produce their respective scaffolds. Reprinted with permission from [169] J.A.M. Steele et al. Combinational scaffold morphologies for zonal articular cartilage engineering. Acta Biomaterialia. 10: 2065–2075.