Table 1.

Means and Standard Deviations of Study Variables by Race and Ethnicity

Variables	Black	White	Hispanic	Non-Hispanic
Dependent variables: infant health
Birth weight	3104 (621)	3321 (560)	3322 (546)	3260 (593)
Birth weight <2500 g	0.12 (0.32)	0.06 (0.24)	0.06 (0.23)	0.08 (0.27)
Gestation weeks	38.30 (3.06)	38.85 (2.45)	38.80 (2.45)	38.72 (2.65)
State EITC variables (no state EITC omitted reference)
Low EITC no refund	0.03 (0.18)	0.04 (0.20)	0.04 (0.19)	0.04 (0.20)
Low EITC with refund	0.05 (0.21)	0.05 (0.22)	0.04 (0.19)	0.06 (0.24)
High EITC no refund	0.01 (0.10)	0.01 (0.07)	0.004 (0.06)	0.01 (0.08)
High EITC with refund	0.15 (0.36)	0.11 (0.32)	0.11 (0.31)	0.13 (0.33)
Individual-level covariates
Maternal age	24.73 (5.63)	25.77 (5.70)	26.13 (5.77)	25.28 (5.64)
Married	0.21 (0.41)	0.55 (0.50)	0.50 (0.50)	0.48 (0.50)
Female baby	0.49 (0.50)	0.49 (0.50)	0.49 (0.50)	0.49 (0.50)
Black	1.00 (—)	0.00 (—)	0.03 (0.17)	0.27 (0.44)
Hispanic	0.05 (0.23)	0.41 (0.49)	1.00 (—)	0.00 (—)
Less than high school	0.34 (0.47)	0.39 (0.49)	0.58 (0.49)	0.27 (0.45)
County-level covariates
Unemployment	6.29 (2.46)	6.20 (2.80)	6.69 (3.21)	5.96 (2.42)
Real income per capita (in $1000s)	17.12 (5.00)	16.29 (4.48)	17.38 (5.17)	15.93 (4.15)
Percent poverty	15.99 (5.27)	14.26 (5.37)	15.59 (6.00)	14.04 (4.96)
Primary care physicians per 1000 females age 15–44	1.97 (0.74)	1.88 (0.69)	1.84 (0.60)	1.93 (0.75)
County pop 500,000–1,000,000	0.22 (0.42)	0.15 (0.36)	0.18 (0.39)	0.16 (0.36)
County pop 250,000–500,000	0.15 (0.35)	0.14 (0.35)	0.13 (0.34)	0.15 (0.35)
County pop 100,000–250,000	0.13 (0.34)	0.16 (0.36)	0.10 (0.30)	0.18 (0.38)
County pop <100,000	0.18 (0.38)	0.28 (0.45)	0.11 (0.32)	0.34 (0.47)
No. of observations	5,371,607	23,898,390	10,176,407	18,914,603

EITC, earned income tax credit.