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Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Irreversible membrane fouling ratio (Rir) and flux recovery ratio (FRR) of membranes in the cycle filtration. (a,b) represent the first and second cycle filtration, respectively.