Figure 3.

Compared with nonstone formers, uric acid stone formers have higher relative amounts of H⁺ titrated by each of the 26 measured urinary anions that have acid dissociation constant values that allow them to titrate H⁺ within the pH range of urine. Each row represents one anion (with color coding within each row), and each column represents one study participant. Statistical comparison between groups was performed using the Kruskall–Wallis one-way ANOVA using the cumulative H⁺ titrated by all 26 anions in each study subject. BMI, body mass index; TCA, tricarboxylic acid.