TABLE III. Minimum inhibitory concentration (μg/mL) of fluconazole, itraconazole, and amphotericin B, proteinase activity, and adhesion to buccal epithelial cells of yeasts isolated from sand and water samples collected at recreational beaches in the states of Rio de Janeiro and Paraná, Brazil.
| Yeast species | Nº of isolates tested | Fluconazol (µg/mL) | Itraconazol (µg/mL) | Anfotericina B (µg/mL) | Proteinase activity | Adhesion | ||||||
| Range | S-DD-R* | Range | S-DD-R | Range | S-R | - | 1+ | 2+ | n | Yeasts/50 BECs | ||
| Aureobasidium pullulans | 4 | 16.0-64.0 | 0-3-1 | 0.062-0.5 | 2-2-0 | 0.125-1.0 | 4-0 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 6-7 |
| Candida albicans | 5 | 0.25->64.0 | 4-0-1 | 0.031->16.0 | 3-0-2 | 0.5-1.0 | 5-0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 95-198 |
| Candida cylindracea | 4 | 8.0-16.0 | 1-3-0 | 0.125-0.25 | 3-1-0 | 2.0-8.0 | 0-4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 9-47 |
| Candida duobushhaemulonii | 1 | 8.0 | 1-0-0 | 0.125 | 1-0-0 | 2.0 | 0-1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 24 |
| Candida glabrata | 1 | 2.0 | 0-1-0 | 0.062 | 1-0-0 | 0.125 | 1-0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | ND |
| Candida haemulonii | 2 | 8.0-64.0 | 1-0-1 | 0.5-16.0 | 0-1-1 | 1.0-2.0 | 1-1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 68-73 |
| Candida metapsilosis | 1 | 1.0 | 1-0-0 | 0.062 | 1-0-0 | 0.5 | 1-0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ND |
| Candida orthopsilosis | 6 | 0.5-4.0 | 6-0-0 | 0.031-0.125 | 6-0-0 | 0.015-0.5 | 6-0 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Candida parapsilosis | 10 | 0.25-1.0 | 10-0-0 | 0.031-0.125 | 10-0-0 | 0.031-1.0 | 10-0 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 2-112 |
| Candida tropicalis | 16 | 0.25->64.0 | 5-2-9 | 0.031->16.0 | 6-0-10 | 0.062-2.0 | 13-3 | 11 | 3 | 2 | 14 | 6-136 |
| Candida viswanathii | 1 | 8.0 | 1-0-0 | 0.25 | 0-1-0 | 1.0 | 1-0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 11 |
| Clavispora lusitaniae | 3 | 0.5-2.0 | 3-0-0 | 0.125-0.5 | 1-2-0 | 0.125-1.0 | 3-0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1-4 |
| Cutaneotrichosporon dermatis | 2 | 2.0 | 2-0-0 | 0.0625 | 2-0-0 | 0.062-0.125 | 2-0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ND |
| Debarymoyces fabryi | 1 | 0.25 | 1-0-0 | 0.25 | 0-1-0 | 2.0 | 0-1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 13 |
| Debaryomyces hansenii | 1 | 0.5 | 1-0-0 | 0.125 | 1-0-0 | 2.0 | 0-1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 18 |
| Diutina catenulata | 3 | 0.5-4.0 | 3-0-0 | 0.015-0.031 | 3-0-0 | 0.062-0.5 | 3-0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | ND |
| Diutina neorugosa | 2 | 4.0 | 2-0-0 | 0.125 | 2-0-0 | 0.5-1.0 | 2-0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ND |
| Exophiala dermatitidis | 1 | 4.0 | 1-0-0 | 0.03125 | 1-0-0 | 0.25 | 1-0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ND |
| Exophiala spinifera | 2 | 32.0 | 0-2-0 | 0.125 | 2-0-0 | 0.031-0.25 | 2-0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 9-21 |
| Hortaea werneckii | 1 | 16.0 | 0-1-0 | 0.031 | 1-0-0 | 0.062 | 1-0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 31 |
| Kodamaea ohmeri | 5 | 2.0-8.0 | 5-0-0 | 0.125-0.25 | 3-2-0 | 0.5-8.0 | 4-1 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 4 | 135-286 |
| Lodderomyces elongisporus | 8 | 0.125-2.0 | 8-0-0 | 0.031-0.5 | 7-1-0 | 0.015-2.0 | 7-0-1 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 8 | 2-52 |
| Meyerozyma caribbica | 7 | 4.0-16.0 | 5-2-0 | 0.25-1.0 | 0-6-1 | 0.5-2.0 | 6-1 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 7 | 6-44 |
| Meyerozyma guilliermondii | 17 | 2.0-16.0 | 12-5-0 | 0.125-2.0 | 1-14-2 | 0.25-2.0 | 16-1 | 8 | 1 | 8 | 16 | 4-113 |
| Papiliotrema laurentii | 3 | 2.0-4.0 | 3-0-0 | 0.031-0.125 | 3-0-0 | 0.015-0.25 | 3-0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | ND |
| Pichia kudriavzevii | 3 | 6.0-16.0 | 2-1-0 | 0.062-0.25 | 2-1-0 | 0.25-2.0 | 2-1 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 2-17 |
| Rhodotorula mucilaginosa | 9 | 0.125-64.0 | 1-4-4 | 0.031-2.0 | 2-4-3 | 0.015-1.0 | 9-0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 1-49 |
| Trichosporon asahii | 8 | 0.5-4.0 | 8-0-0 | 0.125-0.25 | 4-4-0 | 0.5-16.0 | 2-6 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 2-80 |
| Trichosporon inkin | 1 | 1.0 | 1-0-0 | 0.031 | 1-0-0 | 0.125 | 1-0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ND |
| Wickerhamiella infanticola | 1 | 4.0 | 1-0-0 | 0.25 | 0-1-0 | 0.5 | 1-0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| Wickerhamiella pararugosa | 1 | 0.25 | 1-0-0 | 0.031 | 1-0-0 | 0.062 | 1-0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ND |
| Wickerhamomyces anomalus | 5 | 2.0-4.0 | 5-0-0 | 0.031-0.25 | 2-3-0 | 0.015-0.5 | 5-0 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 4 | 8-27 |
| Wickerhamomyces onychis | 2 | 0.25-2.0 | 2-0-0 | 0.031-0.125 | 2-0-0 | 0.062-2.0 | 1-1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 4 |
| Yarrowia lipolytica | 7 | 0.25-8.0 | 7-0-0 | 0.062-0.5 | 2-5-0 | 1.0-2.0 | 1-6 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 7 | 2-73 |
| Control strains | ||||||||||||
| Candida albicans ATCC18804 | 1 | 4 | 1-0-0 | 0.062 | 1-0-0 | 0.062 | 1-0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 33 |
| Candida albicans SC5314 | 1 | 8 | 1-0-0 | 0.5 | 1-0-0 | 0.5 | 1-0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 59 |
*: S - number of susceptible yeast isolates; DD - number of dose-dependent susceptible yeast isolates; R - number of resistant yeast isolates. Susceptible, dose-dependent or resistant classification was based on the values recommended by the CLSI (2008, 2012), even though such documents were especially developed for Candida spp. and Cryptococcus neoformans. ND: not determined.