Table 1.
General characteristics and physical activity as well as liver status of overweight or obese patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)
| General variables and physical activity | Cardamom (n = 43) n(%) or Mean (SD) |
Placebo (n = 44) n(%) or Mean (SD) |
P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yrs) | 30–45 | 18 (41.9) | 20 (45.5) | 0.7a |
| 46–60 | 25 (58.1) | 24 (54.5) | ||
| Gender | male | 27 (62.8) | 27 (61.4) | 0.8b |
| Education level | up to associate degree | 18 (41.9) | 20 (45.5) | 0.7b |
| Bachelor and higher | 25 (58.1) | 24 (54.5) | ||
| Economic level | Low/moderate (≤6 living items) | 12 (27.9) | 6 (13.6) | 0.1b |
| High (≥7 living items) | 31 (72.1) | 38 (86.4) | ||
| Physical activity level (Baseline) | 1.1 (0.3) | 1.2 (0.4) | 0.1c | |
| Physical activity level (End) | 1.3 (0.5) | 1.3 (0.6) | 0.6c | |
| Fatty liver Degree (Baseline) |
Grade 0 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0.1b |
| Grade 1 | 27 (62.8) | 34 (77.3) | ||
| Grade 2 | 16 (37.2) | 10 (22.7) | ||
| Grade 3 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | ||
| Fatty liver Degree (End) |
Grade 0 | 18 (41.8) | 2 (4.5) | < 0.001b |
| Grade 1 | 22 (51.2) | 34 (77.3) | ||
| Grade 2 | 3 (7.0) | 8 (18.2) | ||
| Grade 3 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | ||
aMann-Whitney; bChi-square; ct-test