Table 1.

Summary of published case reports describing secondary aortoenteric fistula after both open surgery and endovascular aortic reconstruction for abdominal aortic aneurysm

	Date	Authors and reference number	Age, sex	Clinical presentation	Initial treatment for aneurysm	Period†	Treatment for SAEF	Outcome	Pathological examination‡	Estimated aetiology§
1	2018	Arworn et al. [20]	42 M	Hematemesis, melena	EVAR	1 yr 1 m	Aortic reconstruction, bowel repair	Alive at 9 months	+	Mechanical factor
2	2018	Alfawaz et al. [28]	62 M	Malaise, fever	Open surgery	7 yr	Aortic reconstruction, bowel repair	Alive at 7 days	–	Unclear
3	2017	Dickfos et al. [19]	75 M	Abdominal pain, fevers	EVAR	1 yr 2 m	Aortic reconstruction	Unclear	–	Infection
4	2016	Kadhim et al. [21]	66 M	Confusion, fever	EVAR	15 yr	Bowel repair, debridement	Alive at 12 months	+	Infection
5	2017	Guevara-Noriega et al. [18]	65 M	Malaise	Open surgery	1 yr 10 m	Aortic reconstruction, bowel repair	Alive at 2 years	–	Infection
6	2014	Zaki et al. [17]	75 M	Abdominal pain, hematemesis	EVAR	2 yr 6 m	Aortic reconstruction, bowel repair	Died	–	Infection
7	2013	Jamal et al.[29]	60 F	Hematemesis, melena	Open surgery	6 yr	Surgery	Died	–	Unclear
8	2009	Grassia et al. [30]	72 M	Hematochezia	Open surgery	8 yr	Aortic reconstruction	Alive at 2 weeks	–	Unclear
9	2009	McAloon et al. [31]	73 M	Lethargy, melena	Open surgery	10 yr	None*	Died	–	Unclear
10	2008	Hara et al. [16]	84 M	Hematochezia	Open surgery	14 yr	Aortic reconstruction, bowel repair	Alive at 6 months	–	Recurrent aneurysm
11	2008	Geraci et al. [15]	59 M	Dyspepsia, vomiting	Open surgery	5 yr	Bowel repair	Alive at 6 months	–	Mechanical factor
12	2008	Bognar et al. [22]	67 M	Rectal bleeding	Open surgery	4 yr	Aortic reconstruction, bowel repair	Alive at 24 days	+	Mechanical factor
13	2007	Brountzos et al. [32]	85 M	Gastrointestinal bleeding	Open surgery	10 yr	EVAR	Alive at 1 year	–	Unclear
14	2006	Heidemann et al. [33]	52 M	Hematochezia, hematemesis	Open surgery	6 m	Aortic reconstruction, bowel repair	Alive at 8 months	–	Unclear
15	2007	Tsunekawa et al. [23]	75 M	Fever, malaise	Open surgery	15 yr	Aortic reconstruction, bowel repair	Alive at 1 month	+	Infection
16	2006	Maternini et al. [14]	73 M	Melena	Open surgery	15 yr	EVAR	Alive	–	Unclear
17	2005	Mundal et al. [24]	82 F	Hematemesis	Open surgery	17 yr	Surgery	Died	+	Unclear
18	2004	French et al. [13]	68 F	Hematemesis	EVAR	1 yr	Aortic reconstruction, bowel repair, debridement	Died	–	Infection
19	2002	Tomlinson et al. [34]	90 M	Melena, abdominal pain	Open surgery	5 yr	EVAR	Alive at 14 months	–	Unclear
20	2000	Makar et al. [35]	70 M	Epigastric discomfort	EVAR	4 m	Antibiotics	Died	–	Unclear
21	1999	Karacagil et al. [36]	70 F	Melena, fever	Open surgery	14 yr	Aortic reconstruction, bowel repair	Alive at 2 years	–	Unclear
22	1993	Neergaard et al. [37]	69 M	Hematemesis, melena	Open surgery	8 yr	Aortic reconstruction, bowel repair	Alive at 4 months	–	Unclear
23	2018	Jiang et al. [38]	85 M	Melena, tiredness, dizziness, fever	EVAR	2 yr 4 m	Aortic reconstruction, bowel repair, debridement	Alive at 15 months	–	Unclear
24	2017	Hansen et al. [12]	75 F	Melena	Open surgery	2 yr	Open surgery + EVAR	Alive at 12 years	–	Infection
25	1998	Yabu et al. [25]	77 M	Dyspnea	Open surgery	10 yr	None*	Died	+	Mechanical factor

EVAR endovascular aortic reconstruction, F female, m month, M male, SAEF secondary aortoenteric fistula, yr year

†period after abdominal aortic aneurysm treatment

‡whether pathological examination was performed or not

§possible cause suggested by authors of the report

*patient died immediately before any treatment