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. 2019 Mar 15;7:9. doi: 10.1186/s40462-019-0153-9

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© The Author(s). 2019

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 1 — The swarming colony – a multiscale view. a A macroscopic top-view of a swarm colony grown on an agar plate, indicating the region where microscopic analysis is performed (the size of the frame is a bit larger than the entire field shown in (b)). b A microscopic view of the colony; cells are nearly resolved in the multilayered structure. Frame indicates the region where optical flow measurements are performed. c The highest magnification of the colony (taken using a 60X objective lens), d TEM images of bacteria taken from the swarm. Multiple flagella are visible. e The velocity and vorticity fields of the region in (c). Black arrows indicate instantaneous (and local) velocity, and colors indicate vorticity (scale bar in rad/sec)