Table 1.
Experiences of racism, by socio-demographic characteristics: univariable analysis
| Variable | Experienced racism | Univariable analysis | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % weighted prevalence | Crude odds ratio (OR) | |||||||
| n * | % | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | p value | |||
| Indigenous status | ||||||||
| Non-Indigenous | 1518 | 4.5 | 4.3 | 4.8 | 1.0 | – | – | – |
| Indigenous | 65 | 17.0 | 13.3 | 21.5 | 4.3 | 3.2 | 5.8 | <0.001 |
| Did not know or refused to say | 13 | 15.3 | 8.9 | 25.1 | 3.8 | 2.0 | 7.1 | <0.001 |
| Indigenous status | ||||||||
| Anglo-Celtic ** | 576 | 2.8 | 2.6 | 3.0 | 1.0 | – | – | – |
| Indigenous | 65 | 17.0 | 13.3 | 21.5 | 7.2 | 5.3 | 9.7 | <0.001 |
| Did not know or refused to say | 13 | 11.7 | 5.5 | 23.1 | 4.6 | 2.0 | 10.6 | <0.001 |
| Age (years) | ||||||||
| 65+ years | 294 | 2.0 | 1.8 | 2.3 | 1.0 | – | – | – |
| 55–64 years | 363 | 4.6 | 4.2 | 5.2 | 2.3 | 2.0 | 2.8 | <0.001 |
| 45–54 years | 379 | 6.8 | 6.1 | 7.6 | 3.5 | 3.0 | 4.2 | <0.001 |
| 35–44 years | 333 | 8.9 | 8.0 | 10.0 | 4.7 | 4.0 | 5.6 | <0.001 |
| 25–34 years | 141 | 10.5 | 8.9 | 12.3 | 5.6 | 4.5 | 7.0 | <0.001 |
| 18–24 years | 86 | 10.5 | 8.5 | 12.9 | 5.6 | 4.3 | 7.3 | <0.001 |
| Sex | ||||||||
| Males | 707 | 5.3 | 4.9 | 5.8 | 1.0 | – | – | – |
| Females | 889 | 4.3 | 4.0 | 4.6 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.9 | <0.001 |
| Geographic residence | ||||||||
| Metropolitan Victoria | 874 | 6.5 | 6.1 | 6.9 | 1.0 | – | – | – |
| Rural Victoria | 722 | 3.6 | 3.3 | 3.8 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.6 | <0.001 |
| Total annual household income | ||||||||
| $100,000 or more | 302 | 5.3 | 4.7 | 6.0 | 1.0 | – | – | – |
| $40,000–$99,999 | 530 | 5.1 | 4.6 | 5.5 | 1.0 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 0.529 |
| Less than $40,000 | 477 | 4.0 | 3.6 | 4.4 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.9 | <0.001 |
| Did not know or refused to say | 287 | 4.8 | 4.2 | 5.4 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 1.1 | 0.200 |
| Education | ||||||||
| Tertiary | 637 | 6.6 | 6.1 | 7.1 | 1.0 | – | – | – |
| Completed secondary | 440 | 5.0 | 4.5 | 5.5 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.8 | <0.001 |
| Did not complete secondary | 502 | 3.3 | 3.0 | 3.7 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.6 | <0.001 |
| Other/did not know/refused | 17 | 5.3 | 3.3 | 8.6 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 1.3 | 0.392 |
| Employment status | ||||||||
| Employed | 905 | 6.0 | 5.6 | 6.4 | 1.0 | – | – | – |
| Unemployed | 95 | 10.6 | 8.6 | 13.1 | 1.9 | 1.5 | 2.4 | <0.001 |
| Not in the labour force # | 575 | 3.2 | 3.0 | 3.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.6 | <0.001 |
| Did not know or refused to say | 21 | 7.7 | 4.9 | 12.0 | 1.3 | 0.8 | 2.1 | 0.276 |
95% CI = 95% confidence interval
*n = raw unweighted sample size; however, prevalence and odds ratio estimates are based on weighted data
**Comparison group is participants who were born in Australia to non-Indigenous Australian-born parents and only spoke English
# Included retirees (80%), home duties (10%), students (3%), and those who were unable to work (7%)
Bolding indicates that p value is significant at the p <0.05 level