Table 2.
Prevalence of chloroquine resistance alleles before and after change in policy
| Author | Year of CQ PC | Prev. of Pfcrt 76T BF CQ PC | Prev. of Pfmdr-1 86Y BF CQ PC | Prev. of Pfrct 76K/T AF CQ PC | Prev. of Pfmdr-1 86N/Y AF CQ PC | Prev. of 76T/86Y AF CQ PC | Prev. of Y184F AF CQ PC | Prev. of D1246Y AF CQ PC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Andriantsoanirina [37] | 2005 | NR | NR | NR | 3.3% | NR | 71.7% | 33.3% |
| Achieng et al. [19] | BF/AF | 62.8% (1993–2003) | NR | 9.8% | 11.4% | NR | 40.8% | 13.8% |
| Asih et al. [45] | 2004 | NR | NR | NR | NR | 18.7% (65/348) | NR | 63.3% |
| Atroosh et al. [36] | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 4% |
| Baraka et al. [15] | 2005 | NR | NR | 21.7% | 19.5% | NR | NR | NR |
| Baraka et al. [76] | NR | NR | NR | NR | DRC: 9.3% Uganda: 1.5% |
NR | DRC: 43.5% Uganda: 32.8% |
DRC: 9.2% Uganda: 20.9% |
| Bo Huang et al. [35] | 2004 | 62–98% | 90–100% | NR | NR | NR | 42.6% | 20.8% |
| Sutar et al. [41] | 1982 | 91% (2005) | 91% (2005) | 6.97% | 9.5% | 70% (109/156) | NR | 53.19% (2013) |
| Das et al. [28] | 1982 | 53% (2005) | NR | NR | 16.13% | NR | NR | NR |
| Frank et al. [29]. | 2003 | 100% (’95–’02) | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Gadalla et al. [77] | 2001 | NR | NR | 1.7% | 8.99% | NR | 2.2% | 82% |
| Gupta et al. [42] | 2002 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 46.7% | NR |
| Hemming-Schroeder et al. [20] | 1999 | NR | NR | 12.7% (46/362) | 23.7% | NR | 33.3% | 25.4% |
| Akala et al. [46] | 1999 | NR | NR | 33.7% (260/772) | 17.7% | NR | NR | NR |
| Jovel et al. [34] | 2008 | 23.6% | 43.1% | NR | NR | 13% (80/615) | 42% | NR |
| Kateera et al. [40] | 2001 | NR | NR | 10.1% (39/388) | 15.4% | NR | 59.8% | 19.2% |
| Lekana-Douki et al. [39] | 2005 | 93.8% (2004) | 75% (2004) | 1.5% (2/134) | 8.2% | NR | NR | 5.2% |
| Lucchi et al. [22] | 1999 | NR | NR | 13.7% | 3% | NR | 37.3% | 6.8% |
| Afsharpad et al. [44] | 2007 | 97.7% | 41% | NR | 2.4% | NR | NR | NR |
| Mbogo et al. [24] | 2004 | 99% (2003–2004) | 19% (2003–2004) | 4% (31/776) | 58.1% | NR | 12.2% | 40.4% |
| Mungthin et al. [33] | 1995 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 10.4% | NR |
| Mittra et al. [43] | 1982 | NR | NR | 4.91% | 69.1% | NR | 99.16% | NR |
| Ndam et al. [32] | 2002 | NR | NR | 19.7% (51/259) | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Ndiaye et al. [31] | 2003 | 65% (2000) 64% (2001) 59.5% (‘04) |
NR | 10.2% (46/449) | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Ogouyemi-Hounto [23] | 2004 | NR | NR | NR | 28.8% | 55.2% | NR | NR |
| Okombo et al. [18] | 2004 | 1995: 57% 1999: 88.9% |
1995: 57.1% 1999: 72.8% |
4.2% (8/192) | NR | NR | 30.9% | 19.1% |
| Otienoburu et al. [47]. | 2003 | NR | NR | 2.4% (7/294) | 16% | NR | 35.4% | 18.7% |
| Some et al. [78] | 2005 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 70.8% | NR |
| Thomsen et al. [16] | 2002 | 90% | NR | NR | NR | 35.8% (59/165) | 28.8% | NR |
| Raman et al. [17] | 2002 | 96.1% | NR | NR | 16% | NR | NR | NR |
| Duah et al. [25]. | 2005 | 2003: 50–98% | 2003: 48–98% | NR | NR | NR | 2010: 40–80% | 2010: 35% |
| Sondo et al. [79] | 2005 | NR | NR | 20.5% (120/584) | NR | NR | NR | NR |
NR not reported, PC policy change, CQ chloroquine, BF before, AF after