Table 5.

Effect of IBD on direct and indirect costs – multivariable analysis

Dependent variables	Adjusted mean ± SE (95% CI)		P-value
	IBD	Control
APP indirect costs (¥)	1,546,610±11,669 (1,523,907–1,569,650)	1,067,331±8,080 (1,051,612–1,083,284)	<0.001
APP direct costs (¥)	2,563,141±69,856 (2,429,819–2,703,778)	808,467±24,132 (762,526–857,176)	<0.001
APP hospital costs (¥)	130,044±6,128 (118,572–142,626)	37,531±1,440 (34,811–40,463)	<0.001
APP ER costs (¥)	18,646±1,632 (15,708–22,135)	7,095±199 (6,716–7,496)	<0.001
APP physician costs (¥)	122,521±2,183 (118,316–126,874)	74,720±440 (73,863–75,588)	<0.001

Abbreviations: APP, annual per-patient; ER, emergency room; IBD, inflammatory bowel disease; SE, standard error.