Figure 2.

Effects of bupivacaine formulations on stimulated MSC secretion.

Notes: Secretion levels quantified in cell culture supernatants collected from eMSC treated for 24, 48, and 96 h with 1 mM of bolus, liposomal, or construct bupivacaine or untreated free MSC controls were normalized to corresponding basal medium controls (0 mM). (A) The baseline IL-6 levels in the control conditions were 9,735.07±882.562, 18,178.1±2,821.54, and 31,886.9±4,590.38 for 24, 48, and 96 h, respectively. (B) The baseline PGE2 levels in the control conditions were 15,822.1±1,790.15, 25,223.7±4,748.25, and 25,372.8±2,972.66 for 24, 48, and 96 h, respectively. Secretions over time are expressed as mean ± SEM of n=6–12 independent observations. Statistically different (*P<0.01 and **P<0.0003) from all conditions at given time point and (⁺P<0.0005) from all conditions except liposomes at given time point.

Abbreviations: eMSC, encapsulated MSC; h, hours; MSC, mesenchymal stromal cell; PGE2, prostaglandin E2; SEM, standard error of the mean.