Table 1.
Demographics and health characteristics among respondents with diagnosed and undiagnosed depression and control groups
| Parameters | Bivariate comparisons – unweighted | Bivariate comparisons – weighted | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diagnosed depression, n=2,843 | Undiagnosed depression, n=6,561 | Control, n=74,100 | P-value | Diagnosed depression, n=2,843 | Undiagnosed depression, n=2,717 | Control, n=2,801 | P-value | ||||
| Age (years) (mean ± SD) | 40.52±12.21 | 38.99±13.56 | 48.56±15.58 | <0.001 | 40.52±0.23 | 40.33±0.16 | 40.69±0.07 | 0.002 | |||
| Sex | Male (%) | 1,494 (52.6) | 2,894 (44.1) | 37,881 (51.1) | <0.001 | 1,494 (52.6) | 1,415 (52.1) | 1,463 (52.2) | 0.894 | ||
| Currently employed | Not currently employed (%) | 1,094 (38.5) | 2,498 (38.1) | 29,346 (39.6) | 0.029 | 1,094 (38.5) | 1,021 (37.6) | 1,069 (38.2) | 0.651 | ||
| Employed (%) | 1,749 (61.5) | 4,063 (61.9) | 44,754 (60.4) | 1,749 (61.5) | 1,696 (62.4) | 1,732 (61.8) | |||||
| University education | Less than university education (%) | 1,408 (49.5) | 3,750 (57.2) | 38,094 (51.4) | <0.001 | 1,408 (49.5) | 1,364 (50.2) | 1,405 (50.2) | 0.742 | ||
| University education or higher (%) | 1,435 (50.5) | 2,811 (42.8) | 36,006 (48.6) | 1,435 (50.5) | 1,353 (49.8) | 1,396 (49.8) | |||||
| Annual household income | <¥3 million (%) | 777 (27.3) | 1,805 (27.5) | 12,695 (17.1) | <0.001 | 777 (27.3) | 741 (27.3) | 767 (27.4) | 0.999 | ||
| ¥3 million to <¥5 million (%) | 667 (23.5) | 1,629 (24.8) | 19,079 (25.7) | 667 (23.5) | 653 (24.0) | 656 (23.4) | |||||
| ¥5 million to <¥8 million (%) | 660 (23.2) | 1,376 (21.0) | 18,830 (25.4) | 660 (23.2) | 630 (23.2) | 651 (23.2) | |||||
| ≥¥8 million (%) | 462 (16.3) | 939 (14.3) | 15,593 (21.0) | 462 (16.3) | 433 (15.9) | 453 (16.2) | |||||
| Decline to answer (%) | 277 (9.7) | 812 (12.4) | 7,903 (10.7) | 277 (9.7) | 260 (9.6) | 273 (9.8) | |||||
| Type of insurance | National health insurance (%) | 1,248 (43.9) | 2,953 (45.0) | 33,102 (44.7) | <0.001 | 1,248 (43.9) | 1,198 (44.1) | 1,225 (43.7) | 0.955 | ||
| Social Insurance (%) | 1,346 (47.3) | 2,977 (45.4) | 36,750 (49.6) | 1,346 (47.3) | 1,302 (47.9) | 1,335 (47.6) | |||||
| Late-stage elderly insurance (%) | 4 (0.1) | 25 (0.4) | 978 (1.3) | 4 (0.1) | 3 (0.1) | 5 (0.2) | |||||
| Others (%) | 113 (4.0) | 126 (1.9) | 1,094 (1.5) | 113 (4.0) | 93 (3.4) | 108 (3.9) | |||||
| None of the above (%) | 132 (4.6) | 480 (7.3) | 2,176 (2.9) | 132 (4.6) | 121 (4.4) | 129 (4.6) | |||||
| BMI category | Underweight (%) | 328 (11.5) | 1,049 (16.0) | 7,813 (10.5) | <0.001 | 328 (11.5) | 322 (11.9) | 325 (11.6) | 0.987 | ||
| Acceptable risk (%) | 1,183 (41.6) | 3,096 (47.2) | 38,122 (51.4) | 1,183 (41.6) | 1,147 (42.2) | 1,166 (41.6) | |||||
| Increased risk (%) | 783 (27.5) | 1,472 (22.4) | 20,240 (27.3) | 783 (27.5) | 743 (27.3) | 765 (27.3) | |||||
| High risk (%) | 419 (14.7) | 531 (8.1) | 4,790 (6.5) | 419 (14.7) | 383 (14.1) | 414 (14.8) | |||||
| Decline to provide weight (%) | 130 (4.6) | 413 (6.3) | 3,135 (4.2) | 130 (4.6) | 122 (4.5) | 131 (4.7) | |||||
| Alcohol use | Do not drink (%) | 915 (32.2) | 2,275 (34.7) | 22,270 (30.1) | <0.001 | 915 (32.2) | 874 (32.2) | 903 (32.2) | 0.996 | ||
| Drink alcohol (%) | 1,928 (67.8) | 4,286 (65.3) | 51,830 (69.9) | 1,928 (67.8) | 1,843 (67.8) | 1,898 (67.8) | |||||
| Smoking behavior | Never smoked (%) | 1,435 (50.5) | 3,791 (57.8) | 41,490 (56.0) | <0.001 | 1,435 (50.5) | 1,373 (50.5) | 1,422 (50.8) | 0.984 | ||
| Former smoker (%) | 550 (19.3) | 1,237 (18.9) | 18,048 (24.4) | 550 (19.3) | 534 (19.7) | 547 (19.5) | |||||
| Current smoker (%) | 858 (30.2) | 1,533 (23.4) | 14,562 (19.7) | 858 (30.2) | 810 (29.8) | 832 (29.7) | |||||
| Exercise behavior | No exercise in past month (%) | 1,738 (61.1) | 4,364 (66.5) | 42,119 (56.8) | <0.001 | 1,738 (61.1) | 1,678 (61.7) | 1,720 (61.4) | 0.822 | ||
| One or more days of exercise in past month (%) | 1,105 (38.9) | 2,197 (33.5) | 31,981 (43.2) | 1,105 (38.9) | 1,039 (38.3) | 1,082 (38.6) | |||||
| CCI (mean ± SD) | 0.40±2.05 | 0.17±0.58 | 0.13±0.44 | <0.001 | 0.40±0.04 | 0.25±0.02 | 0.25±0.01 | <0.001 | |||
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CCI, Charlson comorbidity index.