Table 2.
Effect of diagnosed and undiagnosed depression on HRQoL, work productivity loss, activity impairment, health care resource utilization, and costs
| Parameters | Outcomes stratified – unadjusted | Outcomes stratified – adjusted | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diagnosed depression n=2,843 | Undiagnosed depression n=6,561 | Control n=74,100 | P-value | Diagnosed depression n=2,843 | Undiagnosed depression n=2,717 | Control n=2,801 | P-value | |
| MCS (mean ± SD) | 32.5±12.3 | 33.9±9.5 | 49.6±8.0 | <0.001 | 32.5±0.2 | 33.8±0.1 | 47.9±0.1 | <0.001 |
| PCS (mean ± SD) | 49.7±7.9 | 50.5±8.1 | 53.7±5.9 | <0.001 | 49.7±0.2 | 50.2±0.1 | 53.5±0.1 | <0.001 |
| Health state utility score (mean ± SD) | 0.61±0.11 | 0.62±0.10 | 0.77±0.11 | <0.001 | 0.61±0.00 | 0.62±0.00 | 0.76±0.00 | <0.001 |
| Absenteeism (mean ± SD [count])a | 14.1±27.9 (1,621) | 7.1±18.8 (3,709) | 2.3±11.0 (41,735) | <0.001 | 14.1±0.7 (1,621) | 7.1±0.4 (1,554) | 2.7±0.1 (1,608) | <0.001 |
| Presenteeism (mean ± SD [count])a | 42.7±28.5 (1,596) | 38.5±26.7 (3,824) | 17.7±22.7 (42,763) | <0.001 | 42.7±0.7 (1,596) | 39.1±0.5 (1,607) | 19.4±0.2 (1,655) | <0.001 |
| Overall work productivity impairment (mean ± SD [count])a | 48.8±31.5 (1,621) | 41.0±28.7 (3,709) | 19.0±24.3 (41,735) | <0.001 | 48.8±0.8 (1,621) | 42.3±0.5 (1,554) | 20.9±0.2 (1,608) | <0.001 |
| Activity impairment (mean ± SD) | 49.1±29.0 | 43.0±27.7 | 19.2±23.4 | <0.001 | 49.1±0.5 | 43.8±0.4 | 21.5±0.2 | <0.001 |
| Health care provider visits in past 6 months (mean ± SD) | 13.5±16.8 | 5.3±9.3 | 4.1±7.2 | <0.001 | 13.5±0.3 | 6.0±0.2 | 3.8±0.1 | <0.001 |
| Hospitalizations in the past 6 months (mean ± SD) | 1.6±9.5 | 0.9±6.7 | 0.4±3.8 | <0.001 | 1.6±0.2 | 1.1±0.1 | 0.5±0.0 | <0.001 |
| ER visits in the past 6 months (mean ± SD) | 0.42±2.7 | 0.21±1.8 | 0.08±0.9 | <0.001 | 0.42±0.05 | 0.24±0.03 | 0.14±0.04 | <0.001 |
| APP indirect costs (¥) (mean ± SD [count])a | 2,271,496± 1,602,981 (1,621) | 1,812,940± 1,368,645 (3,709) | 860,484± 1,154,932 (41,735) | <0.001 | 2,271,496± 39,814 (1,621) | 1,985,834± 29,340 (1,554) | 972,291± 9,442 (1,608) | <0.001 |
| APP direct costs (¥) (mean ± SD) | 2,087,418±10,744,165 | 1,135,445±7,626,531 | 560,232±4,278,669 | <0.001 | 2,087,418±201,504 | 1,329,674±156,223 | 602,978±41,085 | <0.001 |
| APP physician costs (¥) (mean ± SD) | 223,426±278,099 | 88,199±152,767 | 68,434±119,095 | <0.001 | 223,426±5,216 | 98,936±2,667 | 62,930±1,549 | <0.001 |
| APP hospital costs (¥) (mean ± SD) | 99,346±576,940 | 55,910±409,496 | 26,298±229,764 | <0.001 | 99,346±10,820 | 65,733±8,390 | 28,733±2,143 | <0.001 |
| APP ER costs (¥) (mean ± SD) | 26,090±168,790 | 12,909±113,993 | 5,277±53,965 | <0.001 | 26,090±3,166 | 14,681±1,673 | 8,493±2,688 | <0.001 |
Note:
a
Number of patients.
Abbreviations: APP, annual per-patient; ER, emergency room; HRQoL, health-related quality of life; MCS, Mental Component Summary; PCS, Physical Component Summary.