Fig. 1.

Signaling transduced by chitosan under abiotic and biotic stresses. H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide), Ca2+ (calcium ion), NO (nitric oxide), JA (jasmonate), ET (ethylene), ABA (absisic acid), ROS (reactive oxygen species)

Signaling transduced by chitosan under abiotic and biotic stresses. H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide), Ca2+ (calcium ion), NO (nitric oxide), JA (jasmonate), ET (ethylene), ABA (absisic acid), ROS (reactive oxygen species)