Skip to main content
. 2019 Mar 14;7(4):e461–e471. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30539-4

Table 1.

Studies reporting prevalence estimates for severe mental disorders or substance use disorders in prison populations of low-income and middle-income countries

Country WHO region Sex Sampling Sample size Non-response rate (%) Interviewer Diagnostic instrument Diagnostic criteria Quality appraisal score
Adesanya et al38 Nigeria Africa Male Population 395 4·8 Not stated Not stated DSM-III-R 6
Andreoli et al6*† Brazil Americas Male Stratified random 1192 26·8 Trained non-clinician CIDI ICD-10 8
Andreoli et al6*† Brazil Americas Female Stratified random 617 10·5 Trained non-clinician CIDI ICD-10 9
Assadi et al36† Iran Eastern Mediterranean Male Stratified random 351 12·3 Psychiatrist SCID-CV DSM-IV 9
Ayirolimeethal et al31‡ India Southeast Asia Male Population 222 3·5 Psychiatrist MINI-Plus Not stated 8
Ayirolimeethal et al31‡ India Southeast Asia Female Population 33 0·0 Psychiatrist MINI-Plus Not stated 7
Boşgelmez et al44 Turkey Europe Male Stratified random 30 6·3 Psychiatrist, clinical psychologist SCID DSM-IV 7
Boşgelmez et al44 Turkey Europe Female Stratified random 30 11·8 Psychiatrist, clinical psychologist SCID DSM-IV 7
Canazaro and Argimon27 Brazil Americas Female Population 287 22·0 Psychology student, psychologist SCID-CV DSM-IV 8
El-Gilany et al30† Egypt Eastern Mediterranean Mixed Stratified random 1350 0·5 Psychiatrist SCID DSM-IV 8
Goyal et al32 India Southeast Asia Male Random 500 Not stated Consultant PSE ICD-10 7
Joshi et al35 India Southeast Asia Female Population 50 Not stated Psychiatrist Not stated DSM-IV TR 6
Kaya et al45*‡ Turkey Europe Male Random 305 14·3 Psychiatric assistant, trainee psychiatrist CIDI DSM-IV 6
Kumar and Daria33 India Southeast Asia Male Random 118 9·2 Psychiatrist IPIS ICD-10 7
Majekodunmi et al39*‡ Nigeria Africa Male Random 196 1·5 Psychiatrist SCID DSM-IV 8
Math et al34† India Southeast Asia Male Population 5024 Not stated Research assistant MINI-Plus Not stated 4
Mundt et al7*‡ Chile Americas Male Random 855 1·0 Field worker CIDI DSM-IV 9
Mundt et al7*‡ Chile Americas Female Random 153 1·0 Field worker CIDI DSM-IV 8
Mundt et al29 Chile Americas Male Consecutive systematic 229 7·0 Clinical psychologist MINI DSM-IV 10
Mundt et al29 Chile Americas Female Consecutive 198 7·0 Clinical psychologist MINI DSM-IV 9
Naidoo and Mkize40 South Africa Africa Male Stratified systematic random 193 22·8 Psychiatrist MINI Not stated 7
Nanéma et al25‡ Burkina Faso Africa Male Systematic random 419 2·8 Medical student MINI ICD-10 6
Ndetei et al41†‡ South Sudan Africa Mixed Population 192 53·5 Clinical psychologist MINI-Plus ICD-10 5
Niriella et al42 Sri Lanka Southeast Asia Male Random 325 0·8 Trained research assistant Not stated ICD-10 7
Niriella et al42 Sri Lanka Southeast Asia Female Random 68 0·8 Trained research assistant Not stated ICD-10 6
Pondé et al26 Brazil Americas Male Random; population 497 4·0 Medical student MINI-Plus DSM-IV 7
Salifou et al43‡ Togo Africa Female Population 61 9·0 Psychiatrist, psychologist Clinical Interview DSM-V 7
Silva et al28‡ Brazil Americas Male Consecutive 466 3·0 Not stated MINI-Plus DSM-IV 7
Silva et al28‡ Brazil Americas Female Consecutive 91 3·0 Not stated MINI-Plus DSM-IV 6
Zamzam and Hatta37† Malaysia Western Pacific Female Population 80 3·6 Trainee psychiatrist CIDI Not stated 7

CIDI=Composite International Diagnostic Interview. DSM=Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. ICD=International Classification of Diseases. IPIS=Indian Psychiatric Interview Schedule. MINI=Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview. PSE=Present State Examination. SCID=Structured Clinical Interview for DSM Disorders.

*

Results are based on 1 year coverage.

†

Study reported separate rate for schizophrenia.

‡

Authors provided additional data.