Table 2.
Factors associated with catastrophic health expenditure
| No | Income category | Author-year | Country | Household (HH) characteristics | Household head characteristics | Illness and treatment factors | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
| Residence (Rural) | Family size | Presence of elderly of > 60–65 years | Presence of children under 5 | Economic status | Gender | ≥60–65 years | Employment status | Level of education | Have a member hospitalised | Presence of disable person | Presence of a member with chronic illness | ||||
| 1 | High | Krutilova, Yaya (2012) | Czech | NS | NA | NA | _ | +Low | +Female | + | + Unemployed | + Low | NS | NA | NA |
| 2 | High | Wyszewianski (986) | USA | NA | NA | NA | NA | + Low | NA | + | + Unemployed | NA | + | NA | NA |
| 3 | High | Kronenberg, Barros (2014) | Portugal | + (2005) | − Large | + | NA | +Low | − Male (2000) + Male (2005) |
+ | + Unemployed | − High | NA | + | NA |
| 4 | High | Choi (2016) | South Korea | NA | +Small | + | NA | +Low | +Female | NS | + Unemployed and change of job status | NS | NA | + | + |
| 5 | Middle | Gotsadze et al. (2009) | Georgia | NA | NA | NA | NA | +Low | NA | NA | NA | NA | + | NA | + |
| 6 | Middle | Somkotra, Lagrada (2009) | Thailand | NS | NS | + | NS | + High | NS | NS | +Unemployed | + Low | + | + | + |
| 7 | Middle | Shi et al. (2010) | China | NA | NA | NA | NA | + Low | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | + |
| 8 | Middle | Mondal et al. (2010) | India | + | +Large | NA | NA | +Low | NS | NA | NA | NA | + | NA | + |
| 9 | Middle | Yardima, et al. (2010) | Turkey | + | NS | + | _ | +Low | NS | NA | +Unemployed | +Low | NA | + | NA |
| 10 | Middle | Barros et al. (2011) | Brazil | NA | NA | + | NS | + Low | +Female | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| 11 | Middle | Shi et al. (2011) | China | NA | +Small | + | NA | + Low | NA | NA | + Unemployed | NA | + | NA | + |
| 12 | Middle | Zhou, Gao (2011) | China | NS | +Small | + | NA | + Low | NS | NA | NA | + Low | + | NA | + |
| 13 | Middle | Amaya, Ruiz (2011) | Colombia | NA | +Small | NA | NA | + Low | NS | + | +Self employed | NA | + | NS | NA |
| 14 | Middle | Pal (2012) | India | NA | +Large | + | + | NA | NS | + | NA | NS | NA | NA | NA |
| 15 | Middle | Li et al. (2012) | China | + | +Small | + | _ | + low | +Female | NA | + Unemployed | + Low | + | NA | + |
| 16 | Middle | Kavosi et al. (2012) | Iran | NA | NS | + | NS | +Low | NS | NA | NA | NA | + | + | NA |
| 17 | Middle | Moghadam et al. (2012) | Iran | NA | +Large | NA | NA | +Low | NA | NA | NA | NA | + | NA | NA |
| 18 | Middle | Chuma and Maina (2012) | Kenya | NA | NA | NA | NA | +Low | NA | NA | NA | NA | + | NA | NA |
| 19 | Middle | Arsenijevic et al. (2012) | Serbia | + | +Large | NA | NA | +Low | NS | NS | NS | +Low | NA | NA | + |
| 20 | Middle | Van Minh et al. (2013) | Bangladesh | NA | NA | NA | NA | +Low | NA | NA | NA | +Low | + | NA | + |
| 21 | Middle | Van Minh et al. (2013) | Viet Nam | + | −Large | + | + | +High | NS | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| 22 | Middle | Weraphong et al. (2013) | Thailand | NA | NA | NA | NA | +Low | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| 23 | Middle | Li et al. (2013) | China | + | +Large | + | + | +Low | NA | NA | NA | +Low | + | NA | + |
| 24 | Middle | Misra et al. (2013) | India | NA | NS | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | + | NA | NA |
| 25 | Middle | Ashour et al. (2013) | West Bank and Gaza (Palestine) | + | NA | NA | NA | + | +Female | NA | + Unemployed | +Low | NA | NA | AN |
| 26 | Middle | Li et al. (2014) | China | NA | − Large | + | + | − Middle | + Female | NA | + Unemployed | +Low | + | NA | + |
| 27 | Middle | Narci et al. (2014) | Turkey | −Urban | −Large | + | + | +High | + Female | NA | + Unemployed | −High | NA | + | + |
| 28 | Middle | Brown et al. (2014) | Turkey | + | +Large | + | + | +High | + Female | NA | NS | +Low | + | + | NA |
| 29 | Middle | Boing (2014) | Brazil | NA | NA | NA | NA | +Low | NA | NA | NA | +Low | NA | NA | NA |
| 30 | Middle | Khaing (2015 | Myanmar | NS | +Large | NA | NA | NA | NS | NS | NA | +Medium | + | NA | NA |
| 31 | Middle | Htet (2015) | Myanmar | −Rural | +Large | + | + | +Low | +Female | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | + |
| 32 | Middle | Buigut (2015) | Kenya | NA | NA | NA | NS | +High | NS | + | + Unemployed | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| 33 | Middle | Xu (2015) | China | NA | +Small | + | NS | +Low | NS | NA | NA | NS | + | NA | + |
| 34 | Middle | Piroozi (2016) | Iran | NA | NS | + | NS | +Low | +Female | NA | NA | NA | + | + | NA |
| 35 | Middle | Masiye (2016) | Zambia | NS | NA | NA | NA | +Low | NS | + | NS | NS | NA | NA | NA |
| 36 | Low | Su et al. (2006) | Burkina Faso | NS | +Large | NA | NA | +Low | NS | NA | NA | NS | NA | NS | + |
| 37 | Low | Xu et al. (2006) | Uganda | + | NA | + | NA | NA | NS (among poor) +Female (non poor) |
NA | NA | +Low | + | NA | NA |
| 38 | Low | Brinda et al. (2014) | Tanzania | NA | +Large | NA | NA | NA | NS | NS | + Unemployed | NS | NA | + | + |
NA (Non applicable)
NS (Not significant)
+ (Risk factor)
− (Protective factor)