Table 3.
Effect of cyclophosphamide and Aquilaria malaccensis leaves aqueous extract on sperm head and tail abnormalities
| No. of abnormal head | No. of abnormal tail | |
|---|---|---|
| Control | 0.67 (0.82) | 5.00 (3.41)† |
| CP | 2.20 (1.92) | 26.00 (10.89)* |
| AM-100 | 1.33 (1.51) | 11.50 (5.86)† |
| AM-300 | 2.83 (2.93) | 11.33 (6.68)† |
| AM-500 | 0.50 (0.58) | 19.25 (7.81)* |
| CP+AM-100 | 1.00 (1.00) | 12.20 (3.90)† |
| CP+AM-300 | 1.80 (1.10) | 16.20 (3.63) |
| CP+AM-500 | 2.60 (1.14) | 15.40 (5.77) |
| F-statistic | - | 5.178 |
| P-value | 0.169b | 0.000a |
The values are expressed as mean (SD),
a
One way ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey test,
b
Kruskal-Wallis test with post hoc Dunn’s pairwise test
*
Significant differences as compared with the control group at P < 0.05
†
Significant differences as compared with the CP group at P < 0.05
Abbreviation: CP = Cyclophosphamide; AM-100 (Aquilaria malaccensis 100 mg kg−1/day), AM-300 (Aquilaria malaccensis 300 mg kg−1/day), AM-500 (Aquilaria malaccensis 500 mg kg−1/day)