Table 6.
Metabolomics profile in different stage of CRC using serum and fecal samples
| Samples | Serum | Fecal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
||||||
| Studies | Uchiyama et al. (28) | Lin et al. (15) | ||||||
|
|
|
|
||||||
| Stages | I | II | III | IV | I | II | III | IV |
|
|
|
|
||||||
| Metabolites | ||||||||
| 10-Hydroxydecanoic acid | + | + | 0 | − | ||||
| 1-Methylnicotinamide | − | +2 | + | +2 | ||||
| 2-Aminoisobutyric acid | + | + | + | + | ||||
| 3-Hydroxybutyric acid | +4 | +5 | +5 | +2 | ||||
| 3-Indoxylsulfuric acid | − | − | − | − | ||||
| 3-Methylhistidine | − | − | − | − | ||||
| 4-Methyl-2-oxovaleric acid | + | − | − | − | ||||
| Acetate | − | − | − | − | ||||
| Alanine | − | − | − | − | + | + | + | + |
| Arginine | − | − | − | − | ||||
| Ascorbate 2-sulfate | 0 | 0 | − | + | ||||
| Asparagine | − | − | − | − | ||||
| Benzoic acid | − | − | − | − | ||||
| Betaine | − | − | − | − | ||||
| Butyrate | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − |
| Cholic acid | 0 | − | − | − | ||||
| Choline | − | − | − | − | ||||
| Cis-aconitic acid | + | + | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Citric Acid | + | + | + | + | ||||
| Citrulline | − | − | − | − | ||||
| Cysteine glutathione disulfide | 0 | − | − | 0 | ||||
| Cystine | 0 | 0 | − | − | ||||
| Decanoic acid | +13 | +9 | +12 | +7 | ||||
| Diethanolamine | 0 | + | − | − | ||||
| Dimethylglycine | + | + | + | + | ||||
| Ethanolamine | − | − | − | − | ||||
| Ethanolamine phosphate | − | − | − | − | ||||
| Gluconoic acid | +3 | +7 | +12 | +9 | ||||
| Glucoronic acid | − | − | − | − | ||||
| Glucose | − | − | − | − | ||||
| Glutamate | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + |
| Glutamate-glycine | 0 | + | + | − | ||||
| Glutamine | − | 0 | − | − | − | − | − | − |
| Glycerol 3-phosphate | − | − | − | − | ||||
| Glycine | − | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Glycine-threonine | + | + | 0 | + | ||||
| Heptanoic acid | 0 | 0 | 0 | + | ||||
| Hippuric acid | − | − | − | + | ||||
| Histidine | − | − | − | − | ||||
| Homovanillic acid | − | − | − | − | ||||
| Hydroxyproline | − | − | − | − | ||||
| Hypoxanthine | 0 | + | + | + | ||||
| IndolE-3-acetic acid | − | − | − | − | ||||
| Inosine | + | + | + | + | ||||
| Isethionic acid | − | + | − | 0 | ||||
| Isobutyric acid | − | − | − | − | ||||
| Isobutyryl carnithine | 0 | 0 | +2 | − | ||||
| Isocitric acid | + | + | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Isoleucine | + | + | + | + | ||||
| Isovaleric acid | − | − | − | − | ||||
| Kynurenine | − | − | 0 | + | ||||
| Lactate | + | + | + | + | ||||
| Lauric acid | − | − | − | − | ||||
| Leucine | 0 | 0 | − | − | + | + | + | + |
| Lysine | − | − | − | − | ||||
| Methionine | − | − | − | − | ||||
| Mucic acid | + | + | 0 | + | ||||
| Myristoleic acid | + | 0 | − | − | ||||
| N2-Phenylacetylglutamine | − | − | − | − | ||||
| N5−Ethylglutamine | + | − | + | + | ||||
| O-Acetylcarnitine | + | + | + | + | ||||
| Octanoic Acid | +32 | +31 | +30 | +18 | ||||
| Ornithine | − | − | − | − | ||||
| Perillic Acid | + | − | − | − | ||||
| Phenylalanine | − | − | − | − | ||||
| Pipecolic | − | − | − | − | ||||
| Proline | − | − | − | − | + | + | + | + |
| Propionate | − | − | − | − | ||||
| Quinic acid | − | − | − | − | ||||
| Ribulose 5 -phosphate | − | + | + | − | ||||
| Sarcosine | − | − | − | − | ||||
| S-Methylcysteine | − | − | 0 | − | ||||
| Stachydrine | + | − | − | − | ||||
| Succinate | − | − | − | − | + | + | + | + |
| Taurine | 0 | 0 | − | 0 | ||||
| Threonic acid | − | − | − | − | ||||
| Threonine | − | − | − | 0 | ||||
| Trimethylamine N-Oxide | − | − | − | − | ||||
| Tryptophan | − | − | − | − | ||||
| Tyrosine | − | − | − | − | ||||
| Urea | − | 0 | − | 0 | ||||
| Uric acid | − | 0 | − | − | ||||
| Uridine | 0 | + | + | + | ||||
| Valine | 0 | − | − | − | + | + | + | + |
| β-Alanine | − | − | − | − | ||||
| γ-Butyrobetaine | − | − | − | − | ||||
−: downregulated, +: upregulated, 0: no change detected
Numericals denote fold change (FC) relative to control and was assigned as follows:
+ or − : 0.1–1.0 FC
2 : 1.1–2.0 FC
3 : 2.1–3.0 FC
4 : 3.1–4.0 FC
5 : 4.1–5.0 FC