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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Mar 15.
Published in final edited form as: Chem Eng J. 2018 May 15;340:155–172. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2018.01.060

Fig. 7.

Fig. 7

Working hypothesis of the mechanism of SDT. The combination of US and NPs induces acoustic cavitation. This leads to cytotoxic effects via two main pathways: either collapsing bubbles directly damage cells through shock waves, shear stresses and ROS, or the cavitation-induced NPs activation leads to chemical cytotoxicity.