Table 2.
Bacteria characterization
| Bacteria | TEM diameter in dry state±s.d. (µm) | Gram | Zeta potential±s.d. (mV) | Disease relevance | NP binding |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Escherichia coli GFP/− | 1.1 ± 0.2 × 2.3 ± 0.1 | Negative | −74.2 ± 0.35 | – | +FM/SEM/EDX |
| Escherichia coli RFP | 1.3 ± 0.3 × 2.6 ± 0.4 | Negative | −72.1 ± 0.4 | – | +FM/SEM/EDX |
| Helicobacter pylori GFP/− | 0.7 ± 0.1 × 2.9 ± .0.5 | Negative | −6.6 ± 1.5 | Gastritis, gastric cancer, ulceration, and MALT53 | +FM |
| Listeria monocytogenes GFP/− | 0.4 ± 0.1 × 1.7 ± 0.3 | Positive | −14.1 ± 1 | Listeriosis, sepsis, and meningitis54 | +FM |
| Enteropathogenic E. coliGFP/− (EPEC) | 0.6 ± 0.2 × 2.3 ± 0.3 | Negative | −11.4 ± 1.1 | Diarrhea and dyspepsia | +FM |
| Shigella flexneri GFP | 0.5 ± 0.1 × 2.2 ± 0.4 | Negative | −22.2 ± 0.5 | Dysentery, sepsis, and pneumonia | +FM |
| Salmonella enterica SL7207/* | 1.1 ± 0.5 × 3.4 ± 0.7 | Negative | −16.6 ± 1.4 | Enterocolitis and antitumoral effect55 | +FM |
| Lactobacillus acidophilus | 1.3 ± 0.2 × 8.1 ± 0.6 | Positive | −38.2 ± 0.8 | Probiotic and antimicrobial56 | +FM |
| Bifidobacterium lactis | 1.2 ± 0.3 | Positive | −34.4 ± 0.6 | Probiotic, antibacterial57 | +FM |
| Streptococcus thermophilus | 1.1 ± 0.2 | Positive | −6.4 ± 0.2 | Probiotic58 | +FM |
The average size of the different bacteria was determined in the dry state (TEM). Zeta potentials were determined with a Zetasizer. NP-binding was detected by the indicated methods (FM fluorescence microscopy, SEM scanning electron microscopy, EDX energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy). Values are mean ± s.d. from three independent experiments.