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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Mar 15.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Genet. 2018 Aug 29;50(9):1212–1218. doi: 10.1038/s41588-018-0202-0

Figure 2. Attributes for a precision prevention programme, by cancer.

Figure 2

(1) Contribution by frequency-penetrance of high penetrance susceptibility genes

(2) Heritability and % excess familial risk explained by common (GWAS) alleles

(3) Receiver operator performance of totality of known lifestyle/non-genetic factors

(4) Incidence (Annual cases in UK: + <5,000; ++ 5,000-9,999; +++ 10,000-19,999; ++++ 20,000-39,999; +++++, ≥40,000)117

(5) Mortality (10 year survival + >80%; ++ 60-80%; +++ 40-60%; ++++: 20-40%; +++++ <20%)117

(6) Natural history of disease is well understood (eg robust biomarkers to predict poor prognosis disease)

(7) Effective and acceptable screening tool and confirmatory test consistent with delivery of national screening programme.

(8) Effective and acceptable chemoprophylaxis eg breast cancer (tamoxifen, AIs, SERMS) and colorectal cancer (aspirin)

(9) Elective and acceptable option for presymptomatic surgical removal of organ at risk.

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