Table 3.
Prevalence Ratios (PRs) for the Associations Between Select Risk Factors and Type-Specific Oral β–Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Detection Among 403 Mid-Adult Women in Seattle, Washington, 2011–2012
| Characteristic | Woman-Types, No. | PR (95% CI) | Adjusted PR (95% CI) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Analyzed | Determined to Be Oral β-HPV Positive | ||||
| Model 1a | Model 2b | ||||
| Age5 | 18538 | 178 | 1.36c (1.07–1.74) | 1.37c (1.01–1.86) | 1.43c (1.05–1.96) |
| Marital status | |||||
| Unmarried or separated | 6716 | 68 | 1.00 (reference) | … | … |
| Married or living with a partner | 11638 | 110 | 0.93 (.55–1.58) | … | … |
| Race | |||||
| White | 14766 | 162 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Nonwhite | 3772 | 16 | 0.39 (.19–.79) | 0.52 (.20–1.37) | 0.09 (.01–.68) |
| Ever had genital warts | |||||
| No | 16008 | 162 | 1.00 (reference) | … | … |
| Yes | 2346 | 16 | 0.67 (.33–1.39) | … | … |
| Smoking statusd | |||||
| Never | 13662 | 128 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Former | 3818 | 32 | 0.89 (.42–1.89) | 0.93 (.39–2.20) | 0.97 (.35–2.66) |
| Current | 828 | 18 | 2.32 (1.00–5.41) | 1.06 (.24–4.71) | 1.03 (.40–2.69) |
| Consumes alcoholic beverages | |||||
| No | 3082 | 22 | 1.00 (reference) | … | … |
| Yes | 15272 | 156 | 1.43 (.70–2.91) | … | … |
| Has immunosuppressive conditione | |||||
| No | 18078 | 172 | 1.00 (reference) | … | … |
| Yes | 276 | 6 | 2.28 (.71–7.33) | … | … |
| Male sex partners, lifetime no. (tertiles) | |||||
| 0–4 | 5980 | 48 | 1.00 (reference) | … | … |
| 5–11 | 5796 | 51 | 1.10 (.54–2.21) | … | … |
| ≥12 | 6164 | 77 | 1.56 (.77–3.14) | … | … |
| Male or female open-mouth kissing partners, lifetime no. (median split)f | |||||
| 0–15 | 6578 | 52 | 1.00 (reference) | … | … |
| ≥16 | 6578 | 73 | 1.40 (.70–2.83) | … | … |
| New male sex partner in past 12 mo | |||||
| No | 13524 | 124 | 1.00 (reference) | … | … |
| Yes | 4370 | 45 | 1.12 (.57–2.20) | … | … |
| Male or female oral sex partners, lifetime no. (median split)f | |||||
| 0–5 | 6992 | 44 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| ≥6 | 6440 | 84 | 2.07 (1.02–4.21) | 2.06 (1.01–4.20) | 1.58 (.74–3.40) |
| Detection of same β-HPV type in concurrent fingernail sampleg | |||||
| No | 8149 | 41 | 1.00 (reference) | … | 1.00 (reference) |
| Yes | 315 | 70 | 44.17 (29.36–66.44) | … | 31.44 (19.81–49.89) |
A total of 403 women contributed 18538 women-types to the oral β-HPV analysis.
Abbreviations: Age5, age in years divided by 5; CI, confidence interval.
aIncludes age, race, smoking status, and lifetime number of oral sex partners. Data are for 13386 women-types.
bIncludes age, race, smoking status, lifetime number of oral sex partners, and detection of same β-HPV type in concurrent fingernail sample. Data are for 5750 women-types.
cReflects the relative change in the likelihood of β-HPV detection associated with a 5-year difference in age.
dSmoking was defined as smoking at least 1 cigarette/day for ≥1 month; former smokers reported ever smoking but not currently smoking, and current smokers reported currently smoking.
eIncludes human immunodeficiency virus positivity or current receipt of immunosuppressive medications.
fRestricted to 296 women who provided information on these additional potential risk factors for oral HPV. These questions were added after the start of the study and therefore not presented to all participants.
gRestricted to 184 women with β-HPV test results for a concurrent fingernail sample.