Fig. 1.

Schematic of the RFA ablation and distributed sensing interrogation setup. (a) View of the whole setup, including OBR-based sensing with fibers and extenders, and the RF setup with applicator introduced into the phantom. (b) SEM (scanning electron microscope) view of a section of the core of the sensing fiber, highlighting the presence of MgO nanoparticles in the core. (c) Geometrical sketch of the position of the RF applicator and the fibers S₁-S₄, and their relative positions with respect to the xy coordinates; all sizes are in mm.