Custom-made lightproof mask, its optical density, miniaturized bleaching device, and the bleaching spectrum. The custom-made lightproof mask used for dark adaptation is shown in (A). Its optical density is shown in (B). The miniaturized tube-shaped bleaching device (C) consists a high-power white light emitting diode, connected to a standard power supply, a Lambertian-scattering plastic hemisphere (concave against the eye, diameter 40 mm) and a passive aluminum heat sink. The bleaching device was connected to the side of the FLIO device. The bleaching procedure is demonstrated for a right eye using a Styrofoam head model. The effective bleaching spectrum (D) was measured with a scanning spectrometer and a fiber-connected detector. For a bleaching distance of 20 mm (tube edge - cornea), a normalized power of 0.46 mW/cm2 (corresponds to 1379 lx) was measured. The luminance was 3200 ± 200 cd/m2.