Table 3.
The effects of sodium intake and diet on the occurrence of postural lightheadedness and lightheadedness severity
| Lightheadedness | Difference in severity of lightheadedness (end‐baseline) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | P | Coefficient (95% CI) | P | |
| Sodium effects | ||||
| Sodium effects on the control dieta | ||||
| Intermediate vs low sodium | 0.77 (0.46, 1.29) | 0.32 | −0.03 (−0.09, 0.04) | 0.42 |
| High vs intermediate sodium | 1.00 (0.60, 1.67) | 1.00 | 0.00 (−0.05, 0.06) | 0.89 |
| High vs low sodium | 0.77 (0.46, 1.29) | 0.32 | −0.02 (−0.08, 0.04) | 0.48 |
| Sodium effects on the DASH dieta | ||||
| Intermediate vs low sodium | 1.34 (0.78, 2.32) | 0.29 | 0.02 (−0.04, 0.09) | 0.46 |
| High vs intermediate sodium | 1.28 (0.79, 2.04) | 0.32 | 0.07 (0.00, 0.15) | 0.06 |
| High vs low sodium | 1.71 (1.01, 2.90) | 0.047 | 0.10 (0.02, 0.18) | 0.02 |
| Diet effects (DASH vs control) | ||||
| Low sodiumb | 0.80 (0.43, 1.50) | 0.48 | −0.04 (−0.13, 0.06) | 0.51 |
| Medium sodiumb | 1.39 (0.74, 2.60) | 0.30 | 0.01 (−0.08, 0.10) | 0.84 |
| High sodiumb | 1.77 (0.97, 3.24) | 0.06 | 0.08 (−0.02, 0.19) | 0.11 |
| All sodium levels | 1.28 (0.81, 2.01) | 0.28 | 0.02 (−0.06, 0.10) | 0.59 |
| Combined effects | ||||
| High sodium on control vs low sodium on DASHb | 0.97 (0.50, 1.87) | 0.92 | 0.01 (−0.08, 0.10) | 0.82 |
CI, confidence interval; DASH, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension.
a
A test for a diet‐sodium interaction was significant, P = 0.03.
b
Comparisons for diet effects at individual sodium levels (DASH vs control) and combined effects were performed using logistic regression (for lightheadedness) or linear regression (for difference in severity of lightheadedness) without generalized estimating equations.