Table 3.
Associations between study variables
| 1. | 2. | 3. | 4. | 5. | 6. | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CLBP patients (n = 437) | 1. Age | ||||||
| 2. Pain intensity | −.377** | ||||||
| 3. Depressive symptoms | −.159** | .289** | |||||
| 4. Pain expectancies | 0.006 | .080 | .150* | ||||
| 5. Pain catastrophizing | −.244** | .436** | .513** | .265** | |||
| 6. TS of pain | −.011 | .076 | .015 | .113* | .171** | ||
| 7. Opioid use | −7.62** | 10.82** | 7.57** | 2.65* | 5.94** | 1.62 | |
| Controls (n = 115) | 1. Age | ||||||
| 2. Pain intensity | .121 | ||||||
| 3. Depressive symptoms | −.059 | -.089 | |||||
| 4. Pain expectancies | −.209* | −.116 | −.209* | ||||
| 5. Pain catastrophizing | −.193* | −.065 | .348** | .230* | |||
| 6. TS of pain | .208* | .010 | −.050 | .053 | −.129 | ||
Note:
* p < .05 ,
**
p < .001.
N = 552. Table presents results of correlational analyses between continuous study variables and independent samples t-tests for the categorical variable (prescription opioid use). CLBP patients = chronic low back pain patients; Pain intensity = current pain intensity; Depressive symptoms = Beck Depression Inventory-II; Pain catastrophizing = Pain Catastrophizing Scale, TS of pain = temporal summation of mechanical pain.