Table 2.

Sperm kinematics at 1 and 4 h after incubation using computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA)

Sample	Parameter	1 h			4 h
		Control	Biotin	Pentoxifylline	Control	Biotin	Pentoxifylline
Normozoospermic (N = 79)	VCL (μm/s)	81.53 ± 1.59	80.11 ± 1.63	85.30 ± 1.54	88.46 ± 1.59	88.39 ± 1.63	90.03 ± 1.65
	VSL (μm/s)	24.03 ± 0.53	24.95 ± 0.62	26.25 ± 0.53a	28.44 ± 0.67	28.61 ± 0.64	28.97 ± 0.62
	VAP (μm/s)	39.06 ± 0.61	39.00 ± 0.69	40.62 ± 0.64	42.50 ± 0.66	42.68 ± 0.65	42.85 ± 0.67
	ALH (μm)	2.60 ± 0.08	2.59 ± 0.07	2.91 ± 0.07 b,d	3.07 ± 0.09	3.13 ± 0.09	3.39 ± 0.08 a
	LIN (%)	29.73 ± 0.62	31.47 ± 0.70	31.06 ± 0.58	32.40 ± 0.75	33.19 ± 0.83	32.50 ± 0.79
	STR (%)	61.28 ± 0.85	62.85 ± 1.22	64.81 ± 0.87a	66.42 ± 0.88	66.76 ± 0.94	67.31 ± 0.95
	WOB (%)	48.20 ± 0.49	49.16 ± 0.45c	47.59 ± 0.37	48.11 ± 0.51	48.32 ± 0.51	47.74 ± 0.53
	BCF (beats/s)	8.84 ± 0.14	9.11 ± 0.12	9.10 ± 0.12	9.14 ± 0.15	9.32 ± 0.13	9.01 ± 0.17
Asthenozoospermic (N = 15)	VCL (μm/s)	55.17 ± 5.57	58.50 ± 4.77	58.33 ± 4.57	52.08 ± 5.19	53.83 ± 3.74	59.25 ± 4.82
	VSL (μm/s)	17.50 ± 1.69	19.00 ± 1.29	19.08 ± 1.55	18.17 ± 1.42	21.92 ± 2.21	21.17 ± 1.56
	VAP (μm/s)	27.83 ± 3.13	31.08 ± 2.11	30.75 ± 1.98	28.08 ± 2.01	31.00 ± 2.15	32.83 ± 1.71
	ALH (μm)	1.50 ± 0.31	1.58 ± 0.19	1.58 ± 0.26	1.67 ± 0.28	1.67 ± 0.33	1.92 ± 0.31
	LIN (%)	33.17 ± 2.83	33.92 ± 2.16	33.42 ± 2.18	37.33 ± 3.31	41.08 ± 3.22	36.75 ± 2.53
	STR (%)	61.58 ± 3.40	62.25 ± 2.97	62.00 ± 2.88	65.42 ± 3.63	69.83 ± 3.02	66.00 ± 3.07
	WOB (%)	52.92 ± 2.46	54.33 ± 1.39	53.42 ± 1.58	55.58 ± 2.22	57.83 ± 2.30	55.17 ± 2.03
	BCF (beats/s)	5.17 ± 0.96	5.67 ± 0.58	5.50 ± 0.72	5.58 ± 0.78	6.67 ± 0.90	6.42 ± 0.87

^aP < 0.05

^bP < 0.01 vs control

^cP < 0.05 vs PTX

^dP < 0.01 vs biotin