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. 2019 Mar 15;9:4622. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-40840-y

Table 1.

Characteristic of non-detoxified SADRB and detoxified SADRB by activated charcoal.

Fermentation Inhibitors Non-detoxified SADRB Detoxified SADRB Reduction (%)
Total Sugars (g/L) 42.12 40.17 4.63
Furfural (g/L) 0.33 0.0012 99.64
HMF (g/L) 0.46 0.0014 99.69
Acetic acid (g/L) 2.70 1.30 51. 85
Formic acid (g/L) 0.69 0.10 85.51
Levulinic acid (g/L) 1.21 0.59 50.85