Table 1.
Studies on the relationship between periodontal disease and prostate cancer
| Author (Year) | Study Design | Purpose/Criteria | Results/Conclusions |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lee et al. (2017) [34] | Cohort | To investigate the association between PD and PC using records from the National Health Insurance Service-Health Examinee Cohort (NHIS-HEC). | The incidence of PC with PD in men with 40 and above age group was 0.28%. PD was linked with a 14% greater hazard of PC. |
| Ing-ming Hwang et al. (2014) [32] | Cohort | To assess the effect of treatment of PD and the risks for cancers in Taiwan. Therapy included scaling and root planing, subgingival curettage and periodontal flap surgery. | Treatment of PD reduces the risk of overall cancer and individual cancers. |
| Risk of PC was higher in the treatment cohort group. | |||
| Arora et al. (2009) [8] | Prospective co-twin study | Investigation of hereditary risk factors between periodontal disease and cancers. PD measured by questionnaire-recorded tooth mobility. | PD and PC (Hazard ratio 1.47) |
| Hiraki et al. (2008) [33] | Case-control | To determine the significance of tooth loss on the risk of 14 cancers. The teeth loss was categorized into four groups depending on the number of remaining dentition | An inverse association between the number of teeth loss and risk of PC |
| Michaud et al. (2008) [31] | Cohort | To determine if PD or teeth loss is associated with cancer risk. Individuals surveyed on the history of PD with bone loss, number of remaining teeth; status and history of smoking; frequency of food intake; any new diagnose of cancer. Survey obtained at baseline and in all subsequent follow-up. | PD was associated with risk of overall cancer and individual cancers. An inverse association between the number of teeth loss and risk of prostate cancer |
| Hujoel et al. (2003) [9] | Cohort | To investigate PD and cancer relationship. Individuals with PD or gingivitis, a healthy periodontium or edentulous were identified at the commencement of the follow-up. These groups are identified by the teams of dentists and trained recorders evaluated the periodontal status of individual participants. The diagnosis of cancer was determined from death certificates. | Demonstrated a correlation between PC and PD measured by Russell’s periodontal index (odds ratio 1.81). |
| Increased risk of PC in individuals with the PD. |
Acronyms: PD - periodontal disease. PC - prostate cancer.