Table 2.

Risk factors associated with late presentation (logistic regression model), Guangxi, 2012–2016

Characteristics at HIV diagnosis	cOR (95% CI)	P	aOR (95% CI)	P
Gender
Male	1.51 (1.45–1.58)	< 0.001	1.43 (1.36–1.50)	< 0.001
Female	Reference		Reference
Age (years)
15–30	Reference		Reference
31–50	2.15 (2.03–2.27)	< 0.001	1.68 (1.58–1.79)	< 0.001
> 50	2.89 (2.73–3.06)	< 0.001	1.97 (1.85–2.11)	< 0.001
Occupation
Migrant workers	1.55 (1.48–1.62)	< 0.001
Other	Reference
Marital status
Married	1.41 (1.34–1.48)	< 0.001
Divorced or widowed	1.89 (1.76–2.02)	< 0.001
Single	Reference
Ethnic
Han	1.17 (1.06–1.29)	0.002
Zhuang	1.11 (1.00–1.23)	0.047
Others	Reference
Level of education
Primary/no education	1.58 (1.49–1.67)	< 0.001
Secondary/university	Reference
HIV transmission group
Heterosexual sex	2.81 (2.56–3.10)	< 0.001	2.11 (1.90–2.34)	< 0.001
PWID	1.39 (1.20–1.62)	< 0.001	1.55 (1.30–1.84)	< 0.001
Other	2.40 (1.82–3.13)	0.004	2.22 (1.67–2.95)	< 0.001
MSM	Reference		Reference
Reason for HIV testing
STI clinics	1.25 (1.11–1.41)	< 0.001	1.21 (1.07–1.37)	0.002
Premarital/pregnancy screening	0.49 (0.45–0.54)	< 0.001	0.63 (0.58–0.69)	< 0.001
Medical examination	0.42 (0.31–0.56)	< 0.001	0.47 (0.35–0.63)	< 0.001
Penitentiary	0.49 (0.44–0.55)	< 0.001	0.52 (0.45–0.59)	< 0.001
HIV + couple or partner	0.83 (0.76–0.91)	< 0.001	0.83 (0.76–0.91)	<0.001
Pre-surgery	1.08 (0.99–1.17)	0.071	0.94 (0.87–1.02)	0.152
Hospital	2.04 (1.93–2.15)	< 0.001	1.74 (1.65–1.84)	< 0.001
Blood testing of the blood receiversa	2.12 (1.65–2.73)	< 0.001	1.75 (1.36–2.26)	< 0.001
Other	0.85 (0.78–0.93)	< 0.001	0.70 (0.64–0.76)	< 0.001
VCT	Reference		Reference

cOR crude odds ratio, aOR adjusted odds ratio, MSM men who have sex with men, PWID people who use drugs, STI sexually transmitted infection, VCT voluntary counseling and testing

^aBlood testing of the blood receivers: HIV testing among patients who were going to receive blood transfusion