Table 2.
Prevalence of T2DM and associated factors
| Variables | N = 234 | Non-diabetic n = 226 (96.9%) | T2DM n = 8 (3.4%) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, median years (IQR) | 44 (36, 52) | 43 (37, 53) | 55 (49, 59) | 0.016 |
| Age category (years) | ||||
| 18–35 | 57 (24.4) | 57 (25.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0.018 |
| 36–45 | 73 (32.3) | 73 (32.3) | 0 (0.0) | |
| 46–55 | 66 (28.2) | 60 (26.5) | 6 (9.1) | |
| 56–65 | 33 (14.1) | 31 (13.7) | 2 (6.1) | |
| 66–90 | 5 (2.1) | 5 (2.2) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Gender, n (%) | ||||
| Female | 155 (66.2) | 149 (96.1) | 6 (3.9) | 0.720 |
| Male | 79 (33.8) | 77 (97.5) | 2 (2.5) | |
| BMI, median (IQR) kg/m2 | 22.4 (19.7, 27.1) | 22.4 (19.8, 26.4) | 27.3 (22.8, 32.2) | 0.040 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 80 (72, 90) | 79 (71, 90) | 90 (84, 103) | 0.081 |
| Duration on ART, median months (IQR), n = 233 | 96 (48, 132) | 102 (72, 132) | 132 (54, 168) | 0.671 |
| ART regimen, n = 206 | ||||
| TDF/3TC/EFV | 148 (71.8) | 142 (95.9) | 6 (4.1) | 0.877 |
| TDF/3TC/NVP | 19 (9.2) | 19 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| TDF/3TC/LPV/r | 15 (7.3) | 15 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| ABC/3TC/NVP | 1 (0.5) | 1 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| ABC/3TC/EFV | 5 (2.4) | 5 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| AZT/3TC/LPV/r | 7 (3.4) | 7 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| AZT/3TC/NVP | 11 (5.3) | 11 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| CD4+ absolute count median (IQR) cells/µl, n = 148 | 473 (360, 644) | 460 (378, 653) | 631 (378, 681) | 0.356 |
| HIV RNA viral load (copies/ml), n = 192 | 33 (20, 308) | 20.5 (20, 379) | 20 (20, 605) | 0.489 |
| Hypertension | ||||
| No | 197 (84.2) | 191 (97.0) | 6 (3.0) | 0.616 |
| Yes | 37 (15.8) | 35 (94.6) | 2 (5.4) | |
| Minutes of weekly vigorous activity | 0 (0, 90) | 0 (0, 120) | 0 (0, 60) | 0.521 |
| Minutes of weekly moderate activity | 60 (9, 123) | 40 (0, 180) | 60 (37, 150) | 0.573 |
| Minutes of weekly walking activity | 60 (30, 120) | 60 (20, 120) | 12 (5, 75) | 0.056 |
| Days of weekly vegetable intake | 7 (7, 7) | 7 (6, 7) | 0.147 | |
| Days of weekly fruit intake | 1 (0, 3) | 1 (0, 3) | 0 (1, 3) | 0.098 |
| Minutes spend sited every weekend | 300 (120, 480) | 300 (150, 397) | 360 (240, 750) | 0.402 |
| Minutes spend sited every weekday | 180 (120, 360) | 210 (120, 360) | 300 (150, 450) | 0.803 |
| Fasting blood sugar | 5.2 (4.7, 5.8) | 5.0 (4.6, 5.5) | 7.2 (4.4, 9.9) | 0.001 |
| Risk scores | 5 (2, 9) | 5 (2, 8) | 16 (14, 19) | < 0.001 |
n number of participants, % percentage, BMI body mass index, T2DM type 2 diabetes mellitus, IQR interquartile range, TDF tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, 3TC lamivudine, EFV efavirenz, NVP nevirapine, LPV/r lopinavir/ritonavir, ABC abacavir, AZT azidothymidine, also called zidovudine
p values less than 0.05 are shown in italic