Table 3.

Relationship between current depression and domain specific cognitive performance in people living with HIV in the era of effective antiretrovirals (ARVs): Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses.

		On ARVs (%)	Cognitive Domains
Study	N		EF	FLU	ATT/WM	PS	LRN/MEM	VS	Motor
Cross-sectional
Questionnaires
Rubin (2014)[30]	708	65	⊺		⊺		*
WIHS
Rubin (2017)[31]	646	77	*	⊺	⊺	*	*		⊺
WIHS
Haddow (2018)[48]	448	89	ns	ns	ns	**	ns
CIPHER
Starace (2000)[51]	395	74	ns	ns		ns	ns		ns
ICONA
Shimizu (2011)[33]†‖	285	72				*	ns
Hawaii Aging with HIV
Tymchuk (2018)[55]	265	93							*
Castellon (2006)[56]	247	-	*	ns		ns	*	ns	ns
Ammassari (2004)[61]	135	100	ns	ns		ns	ns		ns
ICONA
Akolo (2014)[74]	133	0	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns		⊺
Braganca (2011)[34]	130	78	*		**	**	*		**
Bryant (2015)[78]	120	82	ns		ns	**	ns		*
Harrison (2017)[79]†	103	100			**	ns
Diagnostic Interview
Fellows (2014)[32]	186	77	**			*	*
MHBB
Gibbie (2006)[63]B	129	93	*		*				*
Lawler (2010)[64]	120	98				ns	ns
Longitudinal
Questionnaires
Vo [53]	362	-	*		ns	***
MACS
Diagnostic Interview
Cysique (2007)[57]	227	35	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns		ns
CHARTER

ns=not significant

^*p<0.05

^**p<0.01

^***p<0.001, p’s<0.08

Cognition: EF=executive function; FLU=Fluency; ATT/WM=attention and working memory; PS=processing speed; LRN/MEM=learning and memory; VS= visuospatial & visuoconstructive functions

^†studies excluded individuals either meeting criteria for major depression according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

^‖Significant association in younger group only.

^B=baseline assessment

Study Cohorts: CHARTER=CNS HIV Anti-Retroviral Therapy Effects Research cohort, ICONA=Italian Cohort Naïve Antiretrovirals research programme, MACS=Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study; MHBB=Manhattan HIV Brain Bank; WIHS=Women’s Interagency HIV Study