Table 2.
Characteristics of the six trials selected showing general information
| Study | Year | Treatment cycle | Treatment schedule | Assessment methods | Adverse event | Follow-up, month | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SW | CS | ||||||
| Lai | 2018 | 2 | The stable energy level 6 (0.29 mJ/mm2) was kept for 25 min to achieve total 1500 shock | 20 mg triamcinolone acetonite with 2 ml 2% xylocaine were injected into the marker | PFT, VAS, 100-point scoring | NC | 3 |
| Sehriban | 2017 | 3 | A 15-mm head with 2000 shockwave at each session at 10-Hz frequency with an energy flux density per shock of 0.16 mJ/mm2 | Single 1-mL dose of betamethasone sodium plus 0.5 mL of prilocaine | VAS, PFT, HTI, FFI | NC | 6 |
| Mark | 2005 | 3 | 3 applications of 1000 pulses of an energy flux density of 0.08/mm2 | One milliliter betamethasone (5.7 mg) and 2 mL of lignocaine 1% were injected |
VAS, TT scoring | NC | 12 |
| Nayera | 2012 | 2 | Energy intensity applied ranged from 14 to 17 kV, 2 Hz, 1000–1500 pulses, same technique is repeated after two weeks | Injection of 2 mL of 4 mg/mL twice (betamethasone diproprionate and betamethasone sodium phosphate, 0.5% zylocaine hydrochloride) | Mayo CSS PFT |
NC | 6 |
| Istemi | 2010 | 1 | A single application of 3,000 shockwaves Using an electrohydraulic shockwave generator |
A 2-mL syringe filled with 0.5 mL of combined betamethasone dipropionate (6.43 mg/mL) andbetamethasone sodium phosphate (2.63 mg/mL) |
VAS, HTI | Pain (n = 4), no infection |
3 |
| Fariba E | 2016 | 5 | 2000 shockwaves/session of 0.2 mJ/mm2, all subjects received 5 sessions of ESWT at 3-day intervals | Injection of 5 ml once a week, 3 times in total | VAS, FFI | NC | 2 |