Table 2.

Pre-operative urologist questionnaire regards to available planning aids and their impact on surgical approach

Question	Response options
Q1 [both arms] There is a single tumour in the left/right/horseshoe kidney, please describe its exact location by selecting one option from each drop-down menu	Anterior/posterior Upper-/inter-/lower-pole Lateral/medial/hilar
Q2 [both arms] How clearly does the imaging information provided indicate the relationship of the tumour to the following systems? (Please choose one of 1–5, 1 being “Very unclear” and 5 being “Very clear”)	Arterial system (1–5) Venous system (1–5) Collecting system (1–5)
Q3 [both arms] How would you rate the surgical complexity of this case on visual inspection? (Please choose one of 1–5, 1 being “Simple” and 5 being “Very complex”)	1–5
Q4 [both arms] What is the feasibility of carrying out a partial nephrectomy based on the images provided? (Please choose one of 1–5, 1 being “Not feasible” and 5 being “Very feasible”)	1–5
Q5 [both arms] If you had to choose partial nephrectomy, what would be your preferred approach?	Open/laparoscopic/robotic
Q6 [both arms] If you had to choose partial nephrectomy, and based on the images provided, how confident are you in carrying out segmental vascular clamping? (Please choose one of 1–5, 1 being “Not confident” and 5 being “Very confident”)	1–5
Q7 [control] Does seeing these VR images add any extra useful information to your surgical planning over CT alone? (Please choose one of 1–5, 1 being “No extra useful information” and 5 being “Significant extra information”)	1–5
Q7 [intervention] Does interacting with the 3D model add any extra useful information to your surgical planning over CT alone? (Please choose one of 1–5, 1 being “No extra useful information” and 5 being “Significant extra useful information”)	1–5
Q8 [control] How useful is the provided imaging (CT + VR) for surgical planning? (Please choose one of 1–5, 1 being “Not useful” and 5 being “Very useful”)	MDT (1–5) Theatre planning (1–5) intra-operative (1–5)
Q8 [intervention] How useful is the provided imaging (CT + 3D) for surgical planning? (Please choose one of 1–5, 1 being “Not useful” and 5 being “Very useful”)	MDT (1–5) Theatre planning (1–5) Intra-operative (1–5)