Table 1.
Socio-demographic characteristics of the studied participants in Kassala, Eastern Sudan (N = 242)
| Variables | Total | Bottle feeding practice users (N=96) Non-users (N=146) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval) | P-value | ||
| Maternal age, years | 27.13 (5.73) | 26.56 (5.63) | 27.50(5.78) | 0.97 (0.93, 1.02) | 0.213 | |
| Birth order | 2.40 (1.42) | 2.41 (1.41) | 2.40 (1.45) | 1.01 (0.84, 1.20) | 0.962 | |
| Number of children < 5 years | 1.74 (0.73) | 1.74 (0.73) | 1.75 (0.73) | 0.99 (0.69, 1.41) | 0.942 | |
| Number of breastfeeding per day | 7.31 (3.29) | 7.59 (3.33) | 7.12 (3.26) | 1.04 (0.97, 1.13) | 0.277 | |
| N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | OR (95% CI) | P-value | ||
| Child gender | Male | 131 (54.1) | 51 (53.1) | 80 (54.8) | 1.07 (0.64, 1.79) | |
| Female | 111 (45.9) | 45 (46.9) | 66 (45.2) | 0.799 | ||
| Residence | Urban | 143 (59.1) | 61 (63.5) | 82 (56.2) | 1.36 (0.80, 2.31) | 0.249 |
| Rural | 99 (40.9) | 35 (36.5) | 64 (43.8) | |||
| Living with extended family | Yes | 125 (51.7) | 51 (53.1) | 74 (50.7) | 0.91 (0.54, 1.52) | 0.710 |
| No | 117 (48.3) | 45 (46.9) | 72 (49.3) | |||
| Mode of delivery | Caesarean delivery | 42 (17.4) | 20 (20.8) | 22 (15.1) | 1.48 (0.76, 2.90) | 0.247 |
| Vaginal delivery | 200 (82.6) | 76 (79.2) | 124 (84.9) | |||
| Place of delivery | Institutional | 132 (54.5) | 52 (54.2) | 80 (54.8) | 1.03 (0.61, 1.72) | 0.924 |
| Home | 110 (45.5) | 44 (45.8) | 66 (45.2) | |||
| Received breastfeeding education | No | 99 (41.2) | 49 (51.6) | 50 (34.5) | 2.02 (1.19, 3.43) | 0.009 |
| Yes | 141 (58.8) | 46 (48.4) | 95 (65.5) | |||
| Faced breastfeeding difficulties | Yes | 47 (19.8) | 22 (23.9) | 25 (17.2) | 0.66 (0.35, 1.26) | 0.291 |
| No | 190 (80.2) | 70 (76.1) | 120 (82.8) | |||
| Maternal education | < Secondary level | 164 (67.8) | 62 (64.6) | 102 (69.9) | 1.27 (0.74, 2.20) | 0.390 |
| ≥ Secondary level | 78 (32.2) | 34 (35.4) | 44 (30.1) | |||
| Paternal education | < Secondary level | 138 (57.0) | 56 (58.3) | 82 (56.2) | 0.92 (0.54, 1.54) | 0.739 |
| ≥ Secondary level | 104 (43.0) | 40 (41.7) | 64 (43.8) | |||
| Maternal medical disorders | Yes | 20 (8.3) | 8 (8.3) | 12 (8.2) | 0.99 (0.39, 2.51) | 0.975 |
| No | 222 (91.7) | 88 (91.7) | 134 (91.8) | |||
| Maternal occupation | Housewives | 186 (76.9) | 71 (74.0) | 115 (78.8) | 1.31 (0.71, 2.39) | 0.386 |
| Employed | 56 (23.1) | 25 (26.0) | 31 (21.2) | |||
| Paternal occupation | Governmental or private employed | 121 (50.0) | 51 (53.1) | 70 (47.9) | 0.81 (0.49, 1.36) | 0.430 |
| Other than governmental or private employed | 121 (50.0) | 45 (46.9) | 76 (52.1) | |||
| Child hospitalization | Yes | 79 33.3% |
39 42.4% |
40 27.6% |
1.93 (1.11, 3.36) | 0.018 |
| No | 158 66.7% |
53 57.6% |
105 72.4% |
|||
| Weaned her child | Yes | 54 (22.5) | 20 (21.3) | 34 (23.3) | 1.12 (0.60, 2.10) | 0.716 |
| No | 186 (77.5) | 74 (78.7) | 112 (76.7) | |||