Table 2.

Side effects of currently using drugs in treatment of various neurological diseases.

Drug Class	Subclasses	Drugs	Side effects	References
Antidepressants	TCA	Imipramine, Amitriptyline, Desipramine, Nortriptyline, Doxepin	weight gain, sedation, dry mouth, nausea, blurred vision, constipation, tachycardia, dry mouth, constipation, hypotension, increased heart rate	[92]
	MAOI	Isocarboxazid, Phenelzine Tranylcypromine, Selegiline	weight gain, fatigue, sexual dysfunction, nausea, hypotension, dry mouth, diarrhea or constipation, headache, drowsiness, insomnia
	SSRI	Fluoxetine, Paroxetine, Fluvoxamine, Sertraline, Citalopram	headache, sedation, dizziness, nervousness, somnolence, extrapyramidal effects, nausea, dry mouth, diarrhea, agitation, insomnia, sexual dysfunction, weight gain,	[93]
	SNRI	Venlafaxine, Duloxetine, Desvenlafaxine, Levomilnacipran	nausea, insomnia, dry mouth, headache, increased blood pressure, sexual dysfunction, weight gain, urinary retention, hyponatremia, tremors, vertigo, tachycardia, shock-like sensations, paresthesia, myalgia, tinnitus, neuralgia, ataxia	[92, 94]
	Atypical	Bupropion, Mirtazapine, Trazodone, Vilazodone	headache, agitation, insomnia, sweating, sedation, increased appetite, weight gain, nausea, dizziness	[92]
Anxiolytics	BZDs	Alprazolam, Clonazepam, Lorazepam, Midazolam, Diazepam	sedation, memory disturbances, tolerance, fatigue, dependence, drowsiness, lethargy, At higher dosages, impaired motor coordination, dizziness, vertigo, slurred speech, blurry vision, mood swings, euphoria	[95]
	Azapirones	Buspirone, Binospirone, Gepirone, Tandospirone	dizziness, drowsiness, headaches, restlessness, nausea, diarrhea	[96]
	BAR	Phenobarbital, Amobarbital, Secobarbita, Butabarbital, Pentobarbital	sedation, dizziness, headache, nausea, withdrawal include, tremors, agitation, abnormal breathing, coma, confusion, fainting, hallucinations	[97]
Anti-Alzheimer	AChEIs	Donepezil, Rivastigmine, Galantamine	vomiting, diarrhea, weight loss, bradycardia, insomnia, nausea, agitation, syncope	[98]
	Anti-Aβ	Bapineuzumab, Solanezumab, Gantenerumab	microhemorrhage, vasogenic edema, arrhythmia, skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
	NMDAR Antagonists	Memantine	psychosis, nausea, vomiting, memory impairment, and neuronal cell death, drowsiness	[99]
Anti-Parkinson	DA	Bromocriptine, Pergolide, Cabergoline, Pramipexole	nausea, hypotension, confusion, delirium, pulmonary fibrosis, vasospasm, erythromelalgia, sleep attacks	[100]
	COMT Inhibitors	Entacapone, Tolcapone	dyskinesia, nausea, confusion, urine discoloration, diarrhea, abdominal pain
	MAO-B	Selegiline	confusion, delirium, hallucinations, unusual thoughts or behavior, dizziness, nausea, insomnia, trouble breathing
Antiepileptic	Sodium Channel Blockers	Phenytoin, Carbamazepine, Lamotrigine, Lacosamide, Oxcarbazepine,	dizziness, drowsiness, diplopia, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, ataxia, neurotoxicity, cardiac arrhythmias, hirsutism, hepatotoxicity, steven-johnson syndrome	[101]
	Calcium Channel Blockers	Ethosuximide, Zonisamide, Trimethadione	nausea, vomiting, headache, mental status changes, neuropathy, change in weight	[102]
	GABA transaminase Inhibitors	Vigabatrin, L-Cycloserine, Ethanolamine-O-Sulfate, Valproate	drowsiness, nystagmus, hyperexcitability, insomnia, fever, memory impairment, depression, confusion, agitation, asthenia, laryngitis, weight gain, vomiting	[103]

TCA: tricyclic antidepressant; MAOI: monoamine oxidase inhibitor; SSRI: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor; SNRI: serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor; BZDs: benzodiazepines; BAR: barbiturates; AChEIs: acetylcholinesterase inhibitors; Aβ: amyloid beta; NMDAR: N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor; DA: dopamine agonists; COMT: catechol-O-methyltransferase; MAO-B: monoamine oxidase B; GABA: gamma-aminobutyric acid.