Table 2.
The detailed treatments in both groups of included trials.
| First Author, Year, Setting | Intraoperative Anesthesia | Starting Time of AT | AT Group | Control Group | Details of Sham Acupuncture | Preoperative or Postoperative Analgesics |
Details of Conventional Treatments | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NSAIDs | Narcotics | |||||||
| Sa1Wetzel, 2011, Germany [23] | GA | Preoperative | AA+CT | SA+CT | Three nonacupuncture points | Yes, but no name | NR | Preoperative medication such as NSAIDs, Anticonvulsants, Beta-blocking agents and Antihypertensive agents |
|
| ||||||||
| S2Usichenko, 2005 Germany [24] | GA | Preoperative | AA+CT | SA + CT | Four nonacupuncture points | Ibuprofen | PCA pump | PCA pump with piritramide in 48h; Oral Ibuprofen with 400–800 mg twice a day in 36 hours after the operation |
|
| ||||||||
| S3Usichenko, 2006, Germany [25] | GA | Preoperative | AA+CT | SA+CT | Four nonacupuncture points | NR | NR | NR |
|
| ||||||||
| S4Lv, 2017, China [26] | NR | Preoperative | APBB+ CT | CT | NR | NR | Opioid analgesics | Postoperative per two hours for the assessment; Opioid analgesics for those sever pain patients; Ice bag cold compress in pain area; other rehabilitation exercise |
|
| ||||||||
| S6Cui, 2016, China [28] | NR | Postoperative | APBB+ CT | CT | NR | NR | PCA pump | PCA pump in 48 hours; Rehabilitation exercise begin 6 hours after operation |
|
| ||||||||
| S5Kong, 2010, China [27] | NR | Postoperative | APBB+ CT | CT | NR | NR | PCA pump | PCA pump with fentanyl and Lappaconitine in 48 hours; Rehabilitation exercise: Isometric contraction training of quadriceps femoris after 6 hours and Isometric contraction training of gluteus maximus and gluteus medius after 24 hours; Active motion of knee joint after 2 or 3 days |
|
| ||||||||
| S7Xu, 2014, China [29] | GA ∗ | Preoperative | APBB+ CT | SA + CT | Nonacupuncture points | Celecoxib | PCA pump | PCA pump with Fentanyl, Tramadol, Tropisetron in 48 hours; Celecoxib 200mg was given 3 days before operation, per 12 hours |
|
| ||||||||
| S8Shen,2017, China [30] | GA | Preoperative | APBB+ CT | CT | NR | NR | PCA pump | PCA pump with sufentanil and tropisetron in 24 hours; health education |
|
| ||||||||
| S9Tian, 2016,China [31] | GA ∗ | Postoperative | APBB+ CT | CT | NR | NR | PCA pump | PCA pump and rehabilitation guidance for every patients |
Abbreviations: AT=auricular therapy; PCA=patient-controlled analgesia; GA= general anesthesia AA=auricular acupuncture; APBB=auricular point buried-bean; SA=sham acupuncture; CT= conventional treatments; RCT=randomized controlled trial; NSAIDs = nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; NR= not reported. ∗information from the authors' email.