Table 1.

Proteins and treatments that can interfere with SG assembly.

SG Protein	Treatment/Effectors	Description	Reference
TDP43/FUS	VEGF	VEGF treatment of cells in CSF from ALS patients	Shantanu et al. [67]. J. Chem. Neuro.
C9ORF72*	Antisense Therapy	Development of antisense oligonucleotides against C9ORF72	Andrew Scott. (2017). Nature. Ionis Pharmaceuticals
FUS	Rapamycin, Torkinib, Paroxetine, promethazine	Autophagy Inducers	Marrone et al. [42]. Stem Cell Reports.
TDP43	Auranofin, chlerythrine, riluzole	Thioredoxin reductase inhibitor, TTX-sensitive sodium channels	Oberstadt et al. [50]. Scientific Reports.
G3BP1*	Epigallocatechin gallate	Direct G3BP1 binding	Sim et al. [69]. Cane. Prev. Res.
G3BP1*	Resveratrol	NTF2-like domain of G3BP1	Oi et al. [52]. Oncogene.
G3BP1	NSP3 and USP10 FGDF tetrapeptides	Interacts with the NTF2-like domain of G3BP1	Panas et al. [55], Plos Pathog.
TDP43, FUS, α-synuclein*	Hsp104p variants	Disaggregation of toxic proteins	Jackrel and Shorter [25]. Prion.
FUS, TAF15, EWSR1, hnRNPA1, hnRNPA2	Karyopherinβ2 and Importinα-karyopherinβ1	Disaggregation and relocalization of RNA binding proteins to the nucleus	Guoet al. [23]. Cell.
Defective ribosomal products (DRiPs)	HSPB8-BAG3-HSP70 and HSP70	Disrupts toxic protein aggregation	Ganassi et al. [19]. Mol. Cell, [43]. EMBO J.
G3BP1	PRMT1 and 5	Antagonizes SG condensation	Tsai et al. [74,80]. J. Biol. Chem.
G3BP1	JMJD6	Depletion enhances SG assembly	Tsai et al. [82]. J. Biol. Chem.
Unknown	Staufen1	Binds dsRNA to inhibit SG condensation	Thomas et al. [77]. J. Cell Sci.

^*These studies did not specifically look at SGs, but it can be inferred that these might be useful in their inhibition.