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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Child Dev. 2018 Sep 17;91(1):e14–e28. doi: 10.1111/cdev.13144

Table 5.

OLS Regressions of Fourth Grade Outcomes Against Second Grade Predictors (n = 191)


DV: Solving Equations
R2=.60
DV: Functions
R2=.40
Variable type/Variable β p sr2 β p sr2
Fall of Second Grade
 Sex (female = 1, male = 0) .10 .057 .01 −.02 .742 .00
 Eligible Free/Reduced Lunch (yes = 1, not= 0) .07 .180 .00 .08 .214 .01
 Eligible for tutoring (yes = 1, no = 0) −.05 .435 .00 −.02 .763 .00
 IQ .19 .002 .02 .16 .033 .02
 Attentive Behavior .19 .003 .02 .14 .058 .01
 Arithmetic Skill .12 .053 .01 .19 .014 .02
 Number Line Estimation PAE −.10 .095 .01 −.03 .720 .00
Spring of Second Grade
 Equal Sign Knowledge .39 <.001 .09 .32 <.001 .06

Note: All coefficients are standardized. A lower number line PAE indicates higher performance, so a negative correlation with PAE indicates a positive relation with number line estimation skill.